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Line 130: − [[file:oilfield-water-analysis_fig1.png|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Triangular plot showing relative amounts of cations in typical oil field brines. Relative amount of sodium changes, but calcium is always about five times magnesium. (After <ref name=pt05r46>Dickey, P. A., 1966, Patterns of chemical composition of deep subsurface waters: AAPG Bulletin, v. 50, p. 2472–2478.</ref>.)]]+ − − − −
Oilfield water analysis (view source)
Revision as of 22:12, 16 January 2014
, 22:12, 16 January 2014no edit summary
==Methods==
==Methods==
[[file:oilfield-water-analysis_fig1.png|left|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Triangular plot showing relative amounts of cations in typical oil field brines. Relative amount of sodium changes, but calcium is always about five times magnesium. (After <ref name=pt05r46>Dickey, P. A., 1966, Patterns of chemical composition of deep subsurface waters: AAPG Bulletin, v. 50, p. 2472–2478.</ref>.)]]
===Sampling===
===Sampling===
==Interpretation==
==Interpretation==
In interpreting water analyses, it is customary to use reacting values (also called equivalent parts per million). The reacting value is the weight of the element in parts per million divided by the atomic or molecular weight and multiplied by the valence. In comparing waters, it is also useful to calculate the milliequivalent percent (Table 1). Because there are usually three principal cations and three anions, the milliequivalent percent can be plotted on a triangular diagram (Figure 1).
[[file:oilfield-water-analysis_fig2.png|thumb|{{figure number|2}}Stiff<ref name=pt05r149 /> diagrams used to show water compositions on maps.]]
In interpreting water analyses, it is customary to use reacting values (also called equivalent parts per million). The reacting value is the weight of the element in parts per million divided by the atomic or molecular weight and multiplied by the valence. In comparing waters, it is also useful to calculate the milliequivalent percent (Table 1). Because there are usually three principal cations and three anions, the milliequivalent percent can be plotted on a triangular diagram ([[:file:oilfield-water-analysis_fig1.png|Figure 1]]).
{| class = "wikitable"
{| class = "wikitable"
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In plotting water composition on maps, it is convenient to show the analyses in the form of patterns. One of the most commonly used patterns was devised by Stiff<ref name=pt05r149>Stiff, H. A., 1951, The interpretation of chemical water analyses by means of patterns: Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 3, p. 15–1710., 2118/951376-G</ref>. The cations are plotted to the left on three or four lines, and the anions are plotted to the right. Milliequivalents are usually plotted on a logarithmic scale ([[:file:oilfield-water-analysis_fig2.png|Figure 2]]).
In plotting water composition on maps, it is convenient to show the analyses in the form of patterns. One of the most commonly used patterns was devised by Stiff<ref name=pt05r149>Stiff, H. A., 1951, The interpretation of chemical water analyses by means of patterns: Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 3, p. 15–1710., 2118/951376-G</ref>. The cations are plotted to the left on three or four lines, and the anions are plotted to the right. Milliequivalents are usually plotted on a logarithmic scale (Figure 2).
[[file:oilfield-water-analysis_fig2.png|thumb|{{figure number|2}}Stiff<ref name=pt05r149 /> diagrams used to show water compositions on maps.]]
==Applications==
==Applications==