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...can be used to pick likely fault planes in wells. Changes in dip amplitude or azimuth can indicate that a fault is present. Drag patterns may also be see

...ermeability profiles of (a) fining- or thinning-upward and (b) coarsening- or thickening-upward sequences. ''Fining'' and ''coarsening'' refer to average

...ce strata type: basinal marine (includes calcareous and marly lithologies) or basinal shale. Volumes of oil and gas in-place, estimated ultimate recovera

...ce strata type: basinal marine (includes calcareous and marly lithologies) or basinal shale. Volumes of oil and gas in-place, estimated ultimate recovera

...ce strata type: basinal marine (includes calcareous and marly lithologies) or basinal shale. Volumes of oil and gas in-place, estimated ultimate recovera

...ce strata type: basinal marine (includes calcareous and marly lithologies) or basinal shale. Volumes of oil and gas in-place, estimated ultimate recovera

Wave ripple or symmetric ripple, from Permian rocks in Nomgon, Mongolia. Photo by Matt Aff

Cross sections showing that surfaces that intersect due to (a) baselap or (b) truncation will incorrectly cross one another.

...thin toward the structural high. Growth strata are generally folded in one or more limbs of the structure. In this seismic section, growth strata thin on

...raphic image of sandstone. Dark areas are pores and light areas are grains or cement.

The source position (A or B) should be chosen so that the travel path to each receiver is as nearly v

...encountered with landing a horizontal well if the target zone is too high or too low compared to what is predicted. From Chapter 28, AAPG Memoir 91, by

..., with the intent of keeping the well within a specific reservoir interval or hydrocarbon zone. From Chapter 28, AAPG Memoir 91, by Mike Shepherd

...of braided channel deposits (letters on the vertical section refer to core or outcrop photographs). From Deltaic environments of deposition, 1981, Colema

...osity groups: fabric selective, not fabric selective, and fabric selective or not. (After Choquette and Pray, 1970.)

...ed sections can be seen in a vertical well drilled through a reverse fault or with a highly deviated well penetrating a normal fault. From Shepherd, M.,

...tive points, SP deflections are calculated and redisplayed as a baselined (or “static”) SP.

The cell is centered on the grid node and lies either inside or outside the polygon. The cell's area is multiplied by its z value (thicknes

...m between shot points and vertical scale is 10 milliseconds per time line, or 7.6 m (25 ft). Coleman, J. M., and D. B. Prior, 1981, Deltaic environments

...million years or so. Continents can grow when two plates collide, welding, or accreting, the two pieces together. Continents also grow when oceanic crust

...on in areas with thick delta sequences and mobile substrates such as shale or salt. This example is from Upper Triassic deltaic sediments exposed in the

...9) and (b) Dunham (1962), both based on textures observed in hand specimen or thin section. In Folk's scheme, the black pattern represents lime mud matri

The cell's corners are defined by grid nodes. The top is defined by two or more planes passing through the node z values and lie inside the polygon. T

...ulated with 90deg Ricker wavelets of 20-, 35-, and 80-Hz peak frequencies (or 26-, 45.5-, and 104-Hz predominant frequencies, respectively). No noise is

The wetting phase rises above the original or free surface in the capillary tube experiment until adhesive and gravitatio

...o make the cross section more compact. The left track of each log is an SP or gamma ray trace and the right track is a resistivity trace. (From Slatt et

...les. This method assumes a constant radius of curvature (constant increase or decrease in deviation between survey points). (b) Minimum curvature method

Models of major depositional environments. The curve on the left shows the SP or gamma ray response and the curve on the right shows the relative grain size

The wetting phase rises above the original or free surface in the capillary tube experiment until adhesive and gravitatio

...structural spillpoint and the hydrocarbon–water contact) and (B) shows to or deeper than the structural spillpoint (presented as the vertical distance b

...fferent attenuations, (b) as star diagrams of selected peak height ratios, or (c) as data tables of peak height ratios. The star diagram is a polar plot

...owing major structural features. Fields and significant wells with oil and/or gas shows are shown; numbers refer to Tables 1–5 in [[Iraq petroleum geol

...super basins (those with less than 5 billion BOE of cumulative production or remaining recoverable oil and gas) are shown in light blue. DwGoM = deep-wa

...field, United Kingdom. In map (a), only faults with throws of 20 m (64 ft) or more are shown. These are equivalent to faults that are detectable by seism

...unit, it is permissible to define a flow unit that exhibits only weak flow or no flow through it. This property of flow units makes it possible to use a

...en recognized and described which correspond to either a continental block or a suture zone that is amalgamated as a result of the Neo-Tethyan collision

...rata are generally not present above the fold crest, but are folded in one or more limbs of the structure. In this seismic section, growth strata onlap t

...and 3). Then, combine the two nearest groups by either joining two samples or aggregating a third sample to the previous group of two (1 is aggregated to

...of water. Dark gray indicates oil fields. Light gray refers to salt domes or tabular salt. From Results and Conclusions of a Horizontal-drilling Program

...), marl, dense limestone, evaporite-shale, and evaporite-marl. Alternative or old reservoir names provided in comments column. Field number refers to loc

...), marl, dense limestone, evaporite-shale, and evaporite-marl. Alternative or old reservoir names provided in comments column. Field number refers to loc

...), marl, dense limestone, evaporite-shale, and evaporite-marl. Alternative or old reservoir names provided in comments column. Field number refers to loc

...ough an active axial surface, which at depth is generally pinned to a bend or tip of a fault (Suppe, 1983; Suppe and Medwedeff, 1990). The fold limb in g ...wer fold limbs than do older horizons, forming narrowing upward fold limbs or kink bands in growth strata (growth triangles). In the case where uplift ra

...rred during deposition of the Early Ordovician Symphysurina trilobite Zone or during deposition of the Cordylodus angulatus and basal Rossodous manitouen

...d B.D.I.) delineated through a combination of conodont and trilobite zonal or subzonal boundaries through the upper Sunwaptan, Skullrockian, and lowermos

2 Shaly zones might produce oil or gas even if they have low resistivity.

...Ground Spur and Utsira High have pre-Upper Jurassic rocks beneath Cenozoic or Cretaceous strata (with very thin, <approximately 2 m [6.6 ft], KCF-Draupne

...ft). (E) Gas-stage TSR calcite (yellow arrow), with no evidence of bitumen or oil inclusions found in this type of calcite, suggesting that calcite was f

(left) The seismic section above shows a narrowing upward fold limb, or growth triangle, where bed dips within the fold limb generally do not shall