Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
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Scanning electron microscopy is simply the process of using a scanning electron microscope.
The scanning electron microscope became available commercially in the mid 1960s and is used by geologists to study pore geometry and diagenetic history in order to evaluate type, distribution, and flow of fluids in the lithosphere. The SEM is useful for examining the effect of fluids and chemical additives on rocks during enhanced oil recovery.[1]
Figure 1 shows images from an SEM.[2] These images are SEM photomicrographs of seal types.
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Examples of use
- Camp, W.K, E. Diaz, and B. Wawak, eds., Electron Microscopy of Shale Hydrocarbon Reservoirs: AAPG Memoir 102, 260 pp.
References
- ↑ Thomas, John B., and Edward D. Pittman, 1979, Applications of scanning electron microscopy to hydrocarbon exploitation: AAPG Bulletin, v. 63 No. 3, p. 539.
- ↑ Snider, Robert M., John S. Sneider, George W. Bolger, and John W. Neasham, 1997, [Comparison of seal capacity determinations: Conventional cores vs. cuttings, in Surdam, R. C., ed., Seals, Traps, and the Petroleum System: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=749 AAPG Memoir 67, pp. 1-12.