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• Sand peel
  ...pture of details in sedimentary features for analysis away from the field, or for use in teaching.
  2 KB (239 words) - 19:40, 9 September 2014
• Deasphalting
  ...deasphalting is achieved by adding light hydrocarbons, such as [[pentane]] or [[hexane]], to the oil. A similar process can occur in nature when [[methan
  864 bytes (120 words) - 19:55, 25 June 2015
• AAPG Wiki:Users
  ==User types or roles== | '''Root''' || 3 || Login || No || All || The person or people who can log into the server and edit LocalSettings.php
  2 KB (294 words) - 16:01, 6 August 2013
• Pore systems
  ...ned [[sandston]]e might be classified as having intergranular mesoporosity or a [[limestone]] as having vuggy macroporosity. |Mega/macro || Clean, coarse sandstone or [[carbonate]] [[grainstone]] ||
  3 KB (442 words) - 13:52, 4 April 2022
• Types of diagenetic traps
  [[Diagenesis|Diagenetic]] traps occur in two basic categories: early or near-surface traps and late-burial traps. Early or near-surface diagenetic traps are created by the following:
  2 KB (294 words) - 21:01, 4 February 2022
• Hiatus
  A break or discontinuity in a process. An [[unconformity]] is the physical representa
  217 bytes (28 words) - 20:48, 25 August 2014
• Fluid-composition trap regime
  Fluid-composition traps are controlled by the physical or chemical properties of the trapped fluids themselves. The [[Wikipedia:Solub ...[[asphalt]], [[tar]]) or solid hydrocarbons ([[albertite]], [[gilsonite]], or [[grahamite]]). || ''Tar Seals'' || ''Bacterial degradation;'' Updip tar se
  3 KB (402 words) - 16:31, 13 April 2022
• Syncline
  ...ts such as tilting or faulting, among others, a fold should have its crown or crest as the [[anticline]] and the trough of its structures as the syncline ...olded. This is the best term used to describe it rather than “downward arc or trough of a fold” this is because due to events when strata has been over
  3 KB (505 words) - 15:58, 21 March 2019
• Fold
  ...[[uplift]]. Folds are expressed in [[seismic reflection profile]]s as one or more regions of dipping reflections ([[dip]] domains) that correspond to in ...hether or not the thickness of stratigraphic layers changes in dip domains or across axial surfaces.
  3 KB (495 words) - 15:09, 18 January 2016
• Petroleum system identification
  ...leum system. An oil or gas seep, a show of oil or gas in a well, or an oil or gas [[accumulation]] demonstrates the presence of a petroleum system.
  2 KB (298 words) - 18:35, 25 January 2022
• How different structural philosophies govern techniques
  ...al geology, and various university departments and E&P companies favor one or another in their courses and approaches to problem-solving. The major appro * Detailed geometric and/or kinematic studies
  3 KB (422 words) - 20:17, 3 February 2022
• Paleogeography and prospect identification
  ...l analysis of clastic depositional systems#Shoreline deposits|shorelines]] or [[reef]]s. Mapping thickness of reservoir-quality rocks is also useful for ...ial for containing reservoir rocks, i.e., [[Third-order sequences|lowstand or highstand]], using biostratigraphic markers and regional correlation surfac
  4 KB (491 words) - 14:27, 21 March 2022
• Paleontologic data
  ...tratigraphic correlation and age determination|biostratigraphic analysis]] or in a geographic array for [[Paleoenvironmental analysis|evaluating paleoenv * Records of species present or absent
  2 KB (268 words) - 15:18, 31 January 2022
• Paleocurrent
  [[file:1024px-WaveRipple.JPG|thumb|300px|Wave ripple or symmetric ripple, from Permian rocks in Nomgon, Mongolia. Photo by [https:/
  372 bytes (51 words) - 22:00, 17 March 2015
• Isochron
  Time interval (or isotime or isochron) maps are commonly used for interpreting changes in thickness betw
  1 KB (135 words) - 14:13, 24 November 2015
• Bend
  ...]], in which the well path is designed to change orientation from vertical or high-angle to horizontal.
  1 KB (173 words) - 15:33, 16 March 2016
• Build rate
  ...ough the bend (curve) from vertical or high-angle to the desired low-angle or horizontal attitude.
  1 KB (174 words) - 19:33, 3 March 2016
• Molecular parameter data for oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations
  ...e or on the relative or absolute abundance of specific molecules in an oil or a [[source rock]] extract. ...can be obtained. In addition to correlating an oil directly to another oil or to a source rock extract, certain molecular parameters can be used to estim
  2 KB (294 words) - 21:02, 15 February 2022
• Basement
  Basement is rock below a sedimentary cover, often [[igneous]] or metamorphic. It is generally not of interest in exploration for oil and ga
  264 bytes (40 words) - 15:52, 10 March 2016
• Limitations of quantitative fault seal analysis
  ...ale]] sequences. It is not applicable to massive [[carbonate]], [[chert]], or sandstone reservoirs. It has yet to be tested in interbedded shale–carbon ...th which a seal can be risked is thus much greater in a production setting or mature basin than it is in a frontier setting.
  3 KB (398 words) - 17:35, 29 March 2022
• Extended-reach wells
  ...refers to wells restricted to a platform or pad (because of environmental or economic contraints) that are attempting to access reserves at a significan
  1 KB (186 words) - 19:42, 3 March 2016
• AAPG Wiki:Ease of use
  ...erences, journals or ability to cut and paste an equation macro into excel or other applications *'''Printing''' - make it easy to print entire articles or selected subsets
  2 KB (266 words) - 15:49, 6 August 2013
• Trap classification levels
  ...eologic element || Dominant control of the trap—structural, stratigraphic, or fluidic. ...sses? If the trap is fluidic, was closure formed by pressure, temperature, or chemical processes?
  5 KB (665 words) - 18:47, 12 April 2022
• Petroleum system naming
  A unique designation or name is important to identify a person, place, item, or idea. As geologists, we name rock units, fossils, uplifts, and basins. The | A positive [[Oil-oil and oil-source rock correlation|oil-source rock]] or gas-source rock correlation
  3 KB (367 words) - 18:35, 25 January 2022
• Fracture traps
  ...he structural system because fractures are a result of [[deformation]] and/or displacement and therefore are structural in nature. ...ractured rock or by change from open, permeable fractures to cement-filled or narrow-aperture, low-permeability fractures.
  3 KB (461 words) - 16:04, 13 April 2022
• Quantitative paleoenvironmental analysis
  ...into clusters. The results of the cluster analysis show faunal groupings, or ''biofacies'', which are often characteristic of specific environments. [[: ...r geologic data to determine or evaluate specific paleoenvironmental zones or settings.
  4 KB (493 words) - 20:00, 31 January 2022
• Buoyancy pressure
  Buoyancy is the tendency for a body (or a drop of immiscible fluid) to float or rise when submerged in a fluid of greater [[density]]. Where two immiscible ...re#Capillary pressure concepts|capillary effect]]s—such as a bottle, lake, or cave—the different fluids exhibit a sharp, flat interface.
  4 KB (596 words) - 18:37, 17 February 2022
• Selecting a surficial geochemistry survey method
  ...er area, to high-grade previously defined exploration leads and prospects, or to determine the type of petroleum (i.e., oil vs. gas) likely to be encount ...cal methods have previously been used successfully in the area of interest or in a geologic analog area?
  6 KB (809 words) - 17:05, 25 January 2022
• Fossil assemblage
  Fossil assemblages, or faunal assemblages, are simply groups of fossils found together in strata.
  484 bytes (58 words) - 20:11, 12 March 2015
• Surficial geochemical exploration principles
  ...xploration for petroleum is the search for chemically identifiable surface or near-surface occurrences of hydrocarbons and their alteration products, whi * Hydrocarbon seepage can be active or passive and is visible (macroseepage) or only detectable analytically (microseepage).
  5 KB (687 words) - 19:23, 24 January 2022
• Surficial geochemistry: limitations and uncertainties
  ...very real and can significantly affect the [[economics]] of an exploration or development program, the user must be aware of limitations associated with * False seep anomalies can be caused by reworked [[hydrocarbon]]s and/or reworked [[source rock]]s.
  3 KB (418 words) - 21:19, 24 January 2022
• Tertiary migration
  ...rocarbon migration|Migration]] to the surface, either from a [[reservoir]] or [[source rock]]. Also called dismigration.
  440 bytes (58 words) - 21:47, 25 June 2015
• Trap
  * '''Trap seal'''—an impediment or barrier that interferes with hydrocarbon [[migration]] from the reservoir. ...en reservoir and seal, or (2) boundaries between fluids, such as oil–water or gas–water contacts. Temperature can also control a trap boundary as displ
  4 KB (614 words) - 17:02, 12 April 2022
• Type IV kerogen
  ...ee common source rock evaluation errors made by geologists during prospect or play appraisals]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 93, issue 3, pp. 341-356.</ref>]] ...in thermally immature rocks; dominated by organic matter that was recycled or extensively oxidized during deposition. Sometimes the type IV pathway is no
  1 KB (185 words) - 21:11, 6 July 2015
• Fold trap regime
  ...p. 219-235.</ref> || rowspan = 2 | ''Local anticline'' || ''Fault bounded or cross faulted'' || ''Relief, symmetry, internal faulting, internal geometry ...rom the horizontal in one direction only and are not a part of a anticline or syncline.<ref name=ch02r11>Rittenhouse, G., 1972, [http://archives.datapage
  6 KB (742 words) - 14:42, 13 April 2022
• Structural maps and cross sections
  ...ect, regardless of local structural style, level of structural complexity, or exploration maturity: ...tratigraphic thickness variation or has behaved in a [[Ductility|ductile]] or compactive manner during [[deformation]].
  4 KB (504 words) - 14:17, 2 February 2022
• How to use the trap classification scheme
  ...hic, structural, or fluidic traps. But many traps are a combination of two or three geologic elements. In these traps, basic trapping elements occur in c
  1 KB (191 words) - 18:46, 12 April 2022
• Pore system fundamentals
  ...-D pore system geometries found in intergranular, intercrystalline, vuggy, or fractured rocks. ...-D pore system geometries found in intergranular, intercrystalline, vuggy, or fractured rocks. Copyright: Coalson et al.;<ref>Coalson, E. B., S. M. Gools
  3 KB (388 words) - 13:52, 4 April 2022
• Basin-fill and trap analysis
  ...h. Basin-fill analysis is looking for [[Stratigraphic trap|stratigraphic]] or [[combination trap]]s by combining [[paleogeography]] with the results of t
  1 KB (189 words) - 18:53, 4 February 2022
• Fracture trap regime
  ...otally mineralized by postfracture cements, typically calcite, [[gypsum]], or silica. | ''Nonmineralized fracture''; Contains no postfracture cements or minerals.
  7 KB (895 words) - 16:04, 13 April 2022
• Migration pathway map construction
  ...or [[Cross-leaking faults|cross-leak]] and [[Dip-sealing faults|dip-seal]] or [[Dip-leaking faults|dip-leak]]. ...s real JLLPs, areas of cross-seal or cross-leak, and areas of [[dip]] seal or dip leak
  3 KB (405 words) - 18:19, 29 March 2022
• Archie equation
  * Non-Archie pore geometries (i.e., not intergranular or intercrystalline) (See [[Pore systems]].) ...stments. The table below lists the five variables and methods for deriving or estimating them.
  5 KB (703 words) - 13:52, 5 April 2022
• Fracking
  ...fluid is lifted to the surface of the back is often called produced water or flowback water. In practice, the withdrawal of fracking fluid to the surfac ...t least 2 times until water is considered feasible to naturally evaporated or removed kesaluran common disposal.
  3 KB (484 words) - 21:18, 27 March 2019
• Structural styles: data and techniques for evaluation
  ...vidual structures generally have good [[strike]] continuity and poor depth or [[dip]] continuity. Hence, in any newly discovered thrust belt, these same If and when one or more structural styles are ascribed to an area, certain of the structural t
  3 KB (420 words) - 20:13, 3 February 2022
• Erosional trap regime
  ...boundaries occur along contacts between erosional surfaces and underlying or overlying [[reservoir]s. ...and bottom seals beneath the unconformity. || Regional subcrop; Uniformly or gently dipping reservoir bed beneath an unconformity. Top seal is provided
  5 KB (588 words) - 16:13, 13 April 2022
• Kerogen type and quality: visual assessment
  ...g transmitted light through a microscope to determine its form (structured or amorphous) and origin. Structured kerogens include woody, herbaceous, [[The ...kerogen in a sample derived from cuttings composites or core (conventional or sidewall). For example, a visual estimate of kerogen type might be stated a
  2 KB (300 words) - 18:17, 9 February 2022
• Interpreting hydrocarbon shows
  ...indications of hydrocarbons—seen in [[drilling fluid]]s, cuttings, cores, or formation tests—may be of several types:<ref name=ch09r55>Schowalter, T. | Continuous phase || Trapped oil or gas || A slug or filament of oil or gas with a continuous connection through the pore network of a rock
  8 KB (1,130 words) - 17:09, 5 April 2022
• Pressure trap regime
  ...[[pressure gradient]]s to [[Overpressure causes|overpressure]]s can create or destroy [[Pressure compartment seals|pressure seals]] and create isolated [ | Tilted oil–water contacts; Boundary defined by tilted oil–water or gas–water contact. || colspan = 2 | Hydrodynamic traps; Tilted hydrocarbo
  3 KB (331 words) - 16:30, 13 April 2022
• Natural-gas liquids
  ...at natural-gas processing plants are called [[natural-gas plant liquids]] or [[liquefied petroleum gasses]] and consist primarily of ethane, propate, bu ...o obtain. The total amounts of NGL, or of the lease condensate production, or both, are commonly reported as part of the [[crude oil]] production, and wh
  4 KB (549 words) - 16:31, 25 June 2015
• Reservoir system
  ...uilibrium with a [[free water level]] (zero buoyancy pressure). It has one or more containers and is located below a seal. ...ble rock 100% saturated with water. It has one or more containers that may or may not be shared with a reservoir.
  4 KB (579 words) - 14:34, 1 April 2022

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