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..., or hydrocarbon alone on a [[production test]]. Below this level lies the aquifer of a [[Drive mechanisms and recovery#Water drive|water drive]] reservoir sy

...ck unit. A reservoir system has three main components: a [[reservoir]], an aquifer, and a transition zone (interface) between the two. ...ansition zone''' is the interval of rock separating the reservoir from the aquifer; it is less than 100% saturated with water.

...water level]] occurs where [[buoyancy pressure]] is zero in the reservoir-aquifer system. It defines the down[[dip]] limits of an [[accumulation]]. Pressure ...vel (FWL) by projecting RFT pressure data downward from a reservoir to the aquifer.]]

...s pressure drops around the borehole. This mechanism exists only where the aquifer is of equal or better quality than the reservoir and has a much larger volu In fields where the aquifer is smaller and/or has lower quality, there is limited expansion of water in

| Aquifer expansion ...fer expands and moves into the reservoir, displacing oil. Depending on the aquifer's strength, additional energy may be provided by solution gas expansion. Mu

One of the largest aquifer system, the Guarani Aquifer, is located in the Paraná Basin and the Botucatu Formation is part of it a

* Permit procedures for fracturing within fresh-water aquifer zones (mostly undertaken in support of methane production from [[coal]] bed

...water. The oil or gas migrates in filaments through the pore system of the aquifer as long as the [[buoyancy pressure]] (P_b) exceeds the capillary ...ormed in a trap and has come to pressure equilibrium with the water in the aquifer, the pore pressure of the hydrocarbons at different depths in the reservoir

* Quality of aquifer pore geometry comparable to reservoir pore geometry * Aquifer volume at least 10 times greater than reservoir volume

...container 1, which has the highest quality in terms of its pore system and aquifer support. ...Initial flow is lowest because of the poor quality of its pore system and aquifer support. It has the poorest performance.

...or U where U = V – Z. The values for Z, the subsea elevation of the target aquifer, can be determined by simply overlaying a structure contour map on the wate

==The Guarani Aquifer== [[file:Parana_2.jpg|300px|thumb|{{figure number|2}}The Guarani Aquifer location.]]

# Plot measured pressure from the [[aquifer]]s (100% water saturation [S_w] ) in the well. If none is availab

...mo, and T. Holt, 2005, Tilted oil-water contacts: Modelling the effects of aquifer heterogeneity, in A. G. Dore and B. A. Vining, eds., Petroleum geology: Nor

...ying amounts. Each interferes with and impedes the flow of the others. The aquifer portion of a reservoir system by definition contains water as a single phas

...enclosing shales will drop, possibly sucking some of the water out of the aquifer. Most low pressure reservoirs are in areas where there has been uplift and

* aquifer http://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwaquifer.html

...ollowayandsavage_1993>Holloway, S., and D. Savage, 1993, The potential for aquifer disposal of carbon dioxide in the United Kingdom: Energy Conversion and Man ...name=Gunteretal_1993>Gunter, W. D., E. H. Perkins, and T. J. McCann, 1993, Aquifer disposal of CO₂-rich gases: Reaction design for added capacity:

...gh geothermal gradient. The sole condition is the existence of one or more aquifer horizons in adequate depths ([[:File:Goethermal heating district, City of B ...borders, cortical thin areas or hot spots. They need an igneous source, an aquifer, and a impermeable layer to keep up pressure. In many cases, there is surfa

...1, Physical and chemical properties of a DNAPL contaminated sone in a sand aquifer: Quarterly Journal Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, v. 34, p. 85–98<

...mpts to equilibrate changes in reservoir volume as a result of production. Aquifer support and gas cap expansion can be accounted for by using this method.

...s that affect fluid contacts are usually associated with active [[meteoric aquifer]]s at relatively shallow depths. Indications of active [[meteoric flow]] in

...to model larger scale features properly, such as interlayer communication, aquifer support, or faults, may also be responsible for discrepancies in pressure m

...pressure distribution illustrating different free water levels on a common aquifer pressure gradient that is overpressured by 1272 psi above hydrostatic.

...irs give a reasonable chance that these systems will be in contact with an aquifer (Table 1):

...ies as connected volumes may be areally limited with no contact to a large aquifer. The lower energy drive mechanisms such as solution gas drive are common. H ...ramework. The better reservoirs have a fracture system that connects to an aquifer with a water drive operating. However, overproduction of these systems is d

...5 m [164 × 82 ft]), but the vertical resolution varies. In the gas cap and aquifer, the vertical layering is stratigraphic, conforming to the flooding surface ...ector model was then used to simulate production through gas expansion and aquifer influx using a 2600 m (8530 ft) long horizontal well, placed 2 m (7 ft) abo

...he distance between the gas/oil-bearing strata and the deepest fresh water aquifer is more than 5,000 feet. In others, as in the San Joaquin Valley, this dist

| Wave-dominated delta || More continuous, may have an aquifer || -

...ion logs, radioactive tracer surveys, and interference tests indicate that aquifer influx is occurring along conductive faults within the reservoir.<ref name=