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• Seismic attributes
  ...D., J., Gastaldi, C., N., Ruijtenberg, P., A., Vermeer, G., J., O., 1989, Dip and azimuth displays for 3D seismic interpretation: First Break, vol. 7, no
  6 KB (859 words) - 19:42, 27 January 2022
• Picking horizons in 3-D data
  ...to specify a feature to be tracked, an allowable amplitude range, and a [[dip]] window in which to search. ...ch criteria are not met (amplitude out of range, no similar feature in the dip window, etc.), the autotracker stops tracking at that trace. More sophistic
  8 KB (1,155 words) - 19:12, 27 January 2022
• Fault seal and migration pathways
  ...faulted field and between fields. Migration maps that consist solely of [[dip]] arrows drawn on maps of the top reservoir can be very misleading. A migra
  2 KB (261 words) - 18:12, 29 March 2022
• Growth strata
  ...-band migration, fold limbs widen through time while maintaining a fixed [[dip]],<ref name=Suppeetal_1992>Suppe, J., G. T. Chou, and S. C. Hook, 1992, [ht ...ta is equal to dip of the fold limb in pre-growth strata. The width of the dip panel for each growth horizon corresponds to the amount of fold growth that
  13 KB (1,930 words) - 22:28, 20 January 2016
• Diagenetic traps: criteria for recognition
  * Early, pervasive, prehydrocarbon cements present [[Dip|updip]] from known production within a given facies (updip [[seal]] vs. dow ...tic trap (1 billion BOE). Primary trap geometries appear to be along the [[Dip|updip]] termination of the Midale [[dolomite]] above the potential bottom s
  5 KB (611 words) - 21:06, 4 February 2022
• Diagenesis: information from petrology
  ...[[leakage]] || [[Hydrocarbon column|Column]] height may be small and/or [[Dip|updip]] (spilled) accumulations may exist ...] cements, which degraded the reservoir's quality. Oil traps could occur [[Dip|updip]] if [[seal]]s were present during the [[migration]] event.
  4 KB (544 words) - 21:38, 4 February 2022
• Suggested pages
  ** [[Dip]]
  2 KB (215 words) - 20:43, 10 August 2015
• East Breaks trap formation
  * by postdepositional tilting of sandstones that shale out [[Dip|upstructure]] due to syndepositional pinching-out against sea-floor valley ...p|updip]] areas subsequently filled by mud, providing both top seal and up dip [[lateral]] seal.<ref name=ch04r22 /><ref name=ch04r36>Galloway, W. E., and
  7 KB (1,022 words) - 21:54, 22 March 2022
• Weyburn field location and trap problem
  ...ave to know what forms the lateral closure. It is not structural because [[dip]] is homoclinal to the southwest. The field lies southeast of the truncatio ...ty-and-performance_fig9-98.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|3}}Diagrammatic dip-oriented cross section of Weyburn field.]]
  6 KB (848 words) - 17:34, 3 January 2024
• Structural geology
  ...g from nearly vertical in the up dip area to nearly horizontal in the down dip area. ==Measuring dip and strike==
  14 KB (2,168 words) - 21:31, 13 March 2019
• Hydrocarbon accumulation: the seven critical elements
  * [[Dip]] domains * Dip and [[strike]] trends
  5 KB (636 words) - 21:47, 1 February 2022
• How faults control trap fill and migration pathways
  ...raps with limited fill, may exist because hydrocarbons have been trapped [[Dip|downdip]] along sealing faults. A [[fault]] can act as a barrier to (1) all Where the [[dip]] of carrier beds is not perpendicular to faults, even [[cross-leaking faul
  5 KB (785 words) - 17:04, 29 March 2022
• 3-D seismic data: the data cube
  * True structural [[dip]] (2-D may give apparent dip)
  5 KB (813 words) - 19:05, 27 January 2022
• Structurally complex reservoirs: evaluation
  ...tions of crestal highs and [[Syncline|synclinal]] troughs; the position, [[dip]], and character of faults; and the location and orientation of the cutoffs ...plot), dip versus depth in the direction of least curvature (L plot), and dip versus azimuth (DVA plot). (From Bengtsen.<ref name=Bengtson_1982 />)
  20 KB (2,865 words) - 19:24, 19 January 2022
• Seismic data
  '''2-D reflection seismic data''' provide cross-sectional views in both the [[dip]] and strike directions. Data on the lines are a mixture of both in-plane a * In thrust, rift, and extensional terranes, emphasize dip line interpretation; in foreland and [http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/
  5 KB (712 words) - 21:27, 2 February 2022
• Fracture trap regime
  ...in a fractured reservoir, predominantly unidirectional in both strike and dip. || ''Mineralized fracture''; Partially or totally mineralized by postfract ...oir of several intersecting sets, either along fracture strike or fracture dip. || ''Mineralized fracture''
  7 KB (895 words) - 16:04, 13 April 2022
• Hydrocarbon migration
  ...ovement of hydrocarbons. [[Seal]]s deflect the hydrocarbons laterally up [[dip]] through underlying beds to a [[trap]] or spill point. Lateral migration i * The properties of [[reservoir]]s and carrier beds (dip, [[relative permeability]], etc.) control the rate of migration and thus th
  6 KB (865 words) - 14:33, 6 April 2016
• Cross section
  ...raphic sections should be oriented perpendicular to depositional strike ([[dip]] or transverse section) to show facies changes toward or away from the bas ...dip of a bed in a vertically exaggerated cross section is related to true dip by the following equation:<ref name=pt06r72>Langstaff, C. S., and D. Morril
  20 KB (3,029 words) - 16:09, 24 January 2022
• Hydrocarbon pressure gradient: plotting
  We can estimate the [[Dip|downdip]] [[Free water level|free-water level]] from a valid [[Normal hydro
  3 KB (381 words) - 17:54, 17 February 2022
• Predicting carbonate reservoir location and quality
  # Make regional strike and dip [[Cross section#Stratigraphic cross sections|stratigraphic cross sections]] ...generally be [[distance::100 mi]] or more, and a grid of [[strike]] and [[dip]] sections should be made. Use all data that would aid in correlations, and
  7 KB (894 words) - 14:15, 11 April 2022
• Quantitative fault seal analysis
  ...he sand–shale ratio is high in the zone (high SGR). A fault cross-seals or dip-seals if the sand–shale ratio is low in the zone (low SGR). ...e threshold for seal/leak. Separate thresholds exist for cross-seal/-leak, dip-seal/-leak, oil, and gas.
  9 KB (1,327 words) - 16:32, 29 March 2022
• Checkshots and vertical seismic profiles
  ...ot survey well penetrates formations that exhibit complicated structural [[dip]]s, it is advisable to position an energy source on both the updip and down When there is sufficient velocity and dip information and adequate presurvey preparation time to allow ray trace mode
  11 KB (1,599 words) - 20:48, 19 January 2022
• Structural styles: data and techniques for evaluation
  ...l structures generally have good [[strike]] continuity and poor depth or [[dip]] continuity. Hence, in any newly discovered thrust belt, these same associ
  3 KB (420 words) - 20:13, 3 February 2022
• Borehole imaging devices
  ...th]], while the amplitude (divided by the borehole diameter) indicates the dip angle. ...ortant bedding types and surfaces can be identified and measured for their dip and azimuth ([[:file:borehole-imaging-devices_fig8.png|Figure 8]]), as are
  10 KB (1,313 words) - 16:24, 18 January 2022
• Cross-leaking fault
  * [[Dip-sealing faults]] * [[Dip-leaking faults]]
  8 KB (1,155 words) - 21:31, 24 March 2022
• Seismic data preparation for mapping
  ...ndicates whether termination is from above or below. For depth, throw, and dip estimates, a simple linear velocity model was used: ''υ''(''z'') = 5,000 +
  7 KB (1,064 words) - 19:11, 27 January 2022
• Free water level determination using pressure
  ...y pressure]] is zero in the reservoir-aquifer system. It defines the down[[dip]] limits of an [[accumulation]]. Pressure data reliability affects the reso
  3 KB (463 words) - 17:54, 17 February 2022
• Seismic data: two- or three-dimensional interpretation
  ...magnitude map at an interpreted horizon in the data, showing several steep dip (pink) lineaments associated with normal faults that cut the horizon. Arrow
  8 KB (1,280 words) - 17:33, 25 January 2022
• Geologic mapping (UGM)
  * Landscape and [[strike]]/[[dip]] of bedding ===How to interpret strike and dip of bedding rocks from images or topographic maps===
  29 KB (4,733 words) - 15:34, 15 January 2024
• Fluid contacts
  ...n the gas contacts, but all contacts dip in the same direction Significant dip to gas contacts are rare ...se of oil-water contacts responding to the same hydrodynamic gradient. The dip direction is the same for all fluid contacts.
  19 KB (2,690 words) - 21:20, 19 January 2022
• Paleogeography and prospect identification
  ...ity rocks is also useful for establishing paleogeography; thick, linear, [[dip]]-oriented trends of sandstone may indicate paleochannel complexes.
  4 KB (491 words) - 14:27, 21 March 2022
• Surficial geochemical case history 1: structural traps
  ...ospects surveyed and later drilled. Each prospect displays good four-way [[dip]] closure on a [[Cretaceous]] horizon, and each is located in a productive
  3 KB (445 words) - 22:29, 31 January 2022
• Structural play geology
  | High to low-angle convergent [[dip]] slip of blocks, slabs, and sheets | High to low-angle divergent dip slip of blocks and slabs
  18 KB (2,422 words) - 14:21, 2 February 2022
• Reservoir system analysis
  # Construct stratigraphic [[strike]] and [[dip]] [[cross section]]s that include the key well. Use a region/fieldwide time
  4 KB (547 words) - 18:09, 1 April 2022
• Reservoir simulations and field unitization
  ...o these pressure gradients and not necessarily in response to structural [[dip]]. Gas in the Beryl field, for example, migrated downdip during production
  3 KB (479 words) - 15:21, 30 March 2022
• Vertical and lateral seismic resolution and attenuation
  ...one group interval ''s'' to the frequency ''f'' and the maximum reflection dip ''d'' (in milliseconds per unit of distance) that can be properly imaged:
  8 KB (1,164 words) - 20:24, 21 January 2022
• Structural maps and cross sections
  ...ic data]]) projected into the line of section in both the [[strike]] and [[dip]] directions.
  4 KB (504 words) - 14:17, 2 February 2022
• Seismic interpretation: surface slicing
  ...function of the [[bandwidth]] of the data and a stronger function of the [[dip]] of the [[Seismic interpretation|reflections]]. For a detailed description
  4 KB (553 words) - 19:30, 27 January 2022
• Structural lead and prospect delineation
  * Trap integrity (certainty of [[dip]] closure; integrity of the closure throughout the evolution of the structu
  4 KB (511 words) - 18:50, 3 February 2022
• Seismic data display
  ...Care must be taken, as a large number of trace sums in an area of steep [[dip]]s may distort the picture and render undesirable results. ...ently, the noise degrading the signal may be very similar to the signal in dip, frequency, and other properties. At this point, you may have to choose how
  9 KB (1,404 words) - 21:17, 19 January 2022
• Facies map
  ...l to the shelf edge and slope areas contoured parallel to the depositional dip of the slope valleys down which the sand was transported. ...the sand was transported. The distribution of sand within the depositional dip-oriented isopachs is consistent with the regional pattern of downslope-orie
  15 KB (2,070 words) - 20:34, 7 July 2016
• Procedure for basin-fill analysis
  ...as the Y-axis and distance across the area of interest as the X-axis. A [[dip]]-oriented chronostratigraphic chart should be made. But we also should con
  5 KB (599 words) - 18:54, 4 February 2022
• Hydrodynamics: change in configuration
  ...dients in underlying water. If the tilt of the fluid contact exceeds the [[dip]] of the [[reservoir]]-[[seal]] interface on the down-potential (flow downd
  5 KB (625 words) - 15:31, 1 February 2022
• Postprimary migration and compositional changes
  The differential entrapment of gas in [[Dip|downdip]] [[trap]]s<ref name=ch07r1>Gussow, W. C., 1954, [http://archives.d
  5 KB (694 words) - 15:17, 14 February 2022
• Water saturation distribution in a reservoir
  Individual plots can be prepared for wells along [[dip]] and [[strike]] and correlated to show S_w changes across a rese
  5 KB (687 words) - 17:09, 5 April 2022
• Seismic processing basics
  ===Dip moveout (DMO) correction=== ...tly different. The DMO correction is a method for estimating the effect of dip on moveout and removing it from the records as well.
  19 KB (2,895 words) - 20:23, 21 January 2022
• Migration rate calculation
  Each [[dip]] reversal in or near a flat hydrocarbon migration path will trap hydrocarb
  4 KB (618 words) - 19:40, 14 February 2022
• Recognizing stacked depositional sequences from well data
  ...ll-log sections that crosses the entire basin, either along depositional [[dip]] or depositional strike. Use as many wells as practical. Where available, # Tie the correlations from depositional-dip sections to depositional-strike sections.
  14 KB (1,901 words) - 15:16, 9 January 2024
• Forward modeling of seismic data
  ...o- or three-dimensional models. The presence of out-of-plane structures or dip requires the use of three-dimensional modeling. Failure to use models of th
  10 KB (1,513 words) - 21:16, 19 January 2022
• Hydrodynamics
  ...water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwaquifer.html aquifers that] have generally low [[dip]]. The fluids can have a vertical component to their movement but, on a bas
  5 KB (658 words) - 22:04, 17 February 2022

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