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• Surficial geochemistry: limitations and uncertainties
  ...very real and can significantly affect the [[economics]] of an exploration or development program, the user must be aware of limitations associated with * False seep anomalies can be caused by reworked [[hydrocarbon]]s and/or reworked [[source rock]]s.
  3 KB (418 words) - 21:19, 24 January 2022
• Tertiary migration
  ...rocarbon migration|Migration]] to the surface, either from a [[reservoir]] or [[source rock]]. Also called dismigration.
  440 bytes (58 words) - 21:47, 25 June 2015
• Trap
  * '''Trap seal'''—an impediment or barrier that interferes with hydrocarbon [[migration]] from the reservoir. ...en reservoir and seal, or (2) boundaries between fluids, such as oil–water or gas–water contacts. Temperature can also control a trap boundary as displ
  4 KB (614 words) - 17:02, 12 April 2022
• Type IV kerogen
  ...ee common source rock evaluation errors made by geologists during prospect or play appraisals]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 93, issue 3, pp. 341-356.</ref>]] ...in thermally immature rocks; dominated by organic matter that was recycled or extensively oxidized during deposition. Sometimes the type IV pathway is no
  1 KB (185 words) - 21:11, 6 July 2015
• Fold trap regime
  ...p. 219-235.</ref> || rowspan = 2 | ''Local anticline'' || ''Fault bounded or cross faulted'' || ''Relief, symmetry, internal faulting, internal geometry ...rom the horizontal in one direction only and are not a part of a anticline or syncline.<ref name=ch02r11>Rittenhouse, G., 1972, [http://archives.datapage
  6 KB (742 words) - 14:42, 13 April 2022
• Structural maps and cross sections
  ...ect, regardless of local structural style, level of structural complexity, or exploration maturity: ...tratigraphic thickness variation or has behaved in a [[Ductility|ductile]] or compactive manner during [[deformation]].
  4 KB (504 words) - 14:17, 2 February 2022
• How to use the trap classification scheme
  ...hic, structural, or fluidic traps. But many traps are a combination of two or three geologic elements. In these traps, basic trapping elements occur in c
  1 KB (191 words) - 18:46, 12 April 2022
• Pore system fundamentals
  ...-D pore system geometries found in intergranular, intercrystalline, vuggy, or fractured rocks. ...-D pore system geometries found in intergranular, intercrystalline, vuggy, or fractured rocks. Copyright: Coalson et al.;<ref>Coalson, E. B., S. M. Gools
  3 KB (388 words) - 13:52, 4 April 2022
• Basin-fill and trap analysis
  ...h. Basin-fill analysis is looking for [[Stratigraphic trap|stratigraphic]] or [[combination trap]]s by combining [[paleogeography]] with the results of t
  1 KB (189 words) - 18:53, 4 February 2022
• Fracture trap regime
  ...otally mineralized by postfracture cements, typically calcite, [[gypsum]], or silica. | ''Nonmineralized fracture''; Contains no postfracture cements or minerals.
  7 KB (895 words) - 16:04, 13 April 2022
• Migration pathway map construction
  ...or [[Cross-leaking faults|cross-leak]] and [[Dip-sealing faults|dip-seal]] or [[Dip-leaking faults|dip-leak]]. ...s real JLLPs, areas of cross-seal or cross-leak, and areas of [[dip]] seal or dip leak
  3 KB (405 words) - 18:19, 29 March 2022
• Archie equation
  * Non-Archie pore geometries (i.e., not intergranular or intercrystalline) (See [[Pore systems]].) ...stments. The table below lists the five variables and methods for deriving or estimating them.
  5 KB (703 words) - 13:52, 5 April 2022
• Fracking
  ...fluid is lifted to the surface of the back is often called produced water or flowback water. In practice, the withdrawal of fracking fluid to the surfac ...t least 2 times until water is considered feasible to naturally evaporated or removed kesaluran common disposal.
  3 KB (484 words) - 21:18, 27 March 2019
• Structural styles: data and techniques for evaluation
  ...vidual structures generally have good [[strike]] continuity and poor depth or [[dip]] continuity. Hence, in any newly discovered thrust belt, these same If and when one or more structural styles are ascribed to an area, certain of the structural t
  3 KB (420 words) - 20:13, 3 February 2022
• Erosional trap regime
  ...boundaries occur along contacts between erosional surfaces and underlying or overlying [[reservoir]s. ...and bottom seals beneath the unconformity. || Regional subcrop; Uniformly or gently dipping reservoir bed beneath an unconformity. Top seal is provided
  5 KB (588 words) - 16:13, 13 April 2022
• Kerogen type and quality: visual assessment
  ...g transmitted light through a microscope to determine its form (structured or amorphous) and origin. Structured kerogens include woody, herbaceous, [[The ...kerogen in a sample derived from cuttings composites or core (conventional or sidewall). For example, a visual estimate of kerogen type might be stated a
  2 KB (300 words) - 18:17, 9 February 2022
• Interpreting hydrocarbon shows
  ...indications of hydrocarbons—seen in [[drilling fluid]]s, cuttings, cores, or formation tests—may be of several types:<ref name=ch09r55>Schowalter, T. | Continuous phase || Trapped oil or gas || A slug or filament of oil or gas with a continuous connection through the pore network of a rock
  8 KB (1,130 words) - 17:09, 5 April 2022
• Pressure trap regime
  ...[[pressure gradient]]s to [[Overpressure causes|overpressure]]s can create or destroy [[Pressure compartment seals|pressure seals]] and create isolated [ | Tilted oil–water contacts; Boundary defined by tilted oil–water or gas–water contact. || colspan = 2 | Hydrodynamic traps; Tilted hydrocarbo
  3 KB (331 words) - 16:30, 13 April 2022
• Natural-gas liquids
  ...at natural-gas processing plants are called [[natural-gas plant liquids]] or [[liquefied petroleum gasses]] and consist primarily of ethane, propate, bu ...o obtain. The total amounts of NGL, or of the lease condensate production, or both, are commonly reported as part of the [[crude oil]] production, and wh
  4 KB (549 words) - 16:31, 25 June 2015
• Reservoir system
  ...uilibrium with a [[free water level]] (zero buoyancy pressure). It has one or more containers and is located below a seal. ...ble rock 100% saturated with water. It has one or more containers that may or may not be shared with a reservoir.
  4 KB (579 words) - 14:34, 1 April 2022
• Diagenetic impact on traps
  ...acies or paleostructure. However, if [[diagenesis]] does not follow facies or paleostructure, then the exploration and exploitation risk increases becaus
  2 KB (297 words) - 21:06, 3 February 2022
• Preparing to go to the field
  ...ning about the formations in the study area—even driving the seismic lines or flying over the area. ...in the necessary permissions from owners and/or authorities to access land or airspace. It's a good idea to get permissions in writing and carry them wit
  5 KB (730 words) - 22:36, 1 February 2022
• Seal failure prediction
  ...lace through micropermeable lithologies ([[Micropermeable seal leakage]]), or gas is diffused ([[Diffusive seal leakage]]). The most likely mechanism is ...ure|fracturing]] during [[deformation]] or by cumulative micropermeability or [[Diffusive seal leakage|diffusive seal loss]].
  4 KB (571 words) - 18:06, 1 February 2022
• Agglutinated microfossils
  ...e of stratigraphically significant agglutinated microfossil: agglutinated, or arenaceous, foraminifera. ...orms may include silt or sand grains, [[glauconite]], [[sponge spicule]]s, or even other foraminiferal tests. Some species are highly selective in the ma
  4 KB (468 words) - 15:16, 31 January 2022
• Diagenetic trap regime
  ...to postdepositional diagenetic processes, which can create new reservoirs or new seals. ...d_flow_characterization#Dissolution_and_associated_processes|dissolution]] or [[Carbonate_reservoir_models:_facies,_diagenesis,_and_flow_characterization
  5 KB (645 words) - 16:14, 13 April 2022
• Functions of a petroleum landman
  ...the case of an independent landman, the functions vary depending upon his or her area of specialization. Generally, these functions can be divided into ...ades, well trades, joint venture agreements, creation of partnerships, and/or acquisition of entities.
  5 KB (759 words) - 19:25, 19 January 2022
• EMD Tight Oil & Gas Committee Annual Reports
  ...l session focused on the committee’s area of interest at an annual, region or section meeting of the AAPG; * (c) technical paper presented at an oral or poster session of an AAPG meeting, with slide deck published on Search and
  3 KB (417 words) - 20:29, 20 September 2022
• Gravity data processing
  ...ues over deep ocean basins because of variations in the crustal thickness, or ''[http://www.hko.gov.hk/education/edu06nature/ele_isostasy_e.htm isostasy] * Upward or downward continuation—a process that attenuates or deattenuates data to simulate what might be observed at different vertical
  4 KB (519 words) - 14:16, 31 January 2022
• Predicting hydrocarbon recovery
  ...l ([http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/03/gas-oil-ratio-gor/ gas-oil ratio or GOR]). For example, if a well has a GOR of 1,000, then B_oi = 1. ==Estimating recoverable volume of oil or gas==
  5 KB (691 words) - 17:10, 5 April 2022
• Postprimary migration and compositional changes
  ...tion path; (2) mixing [[migration]] streams from two or more source rocks; or (3) precipitation of [[asphaltenes]] and other high-molecular-weight compou ...mum probability of interactions. However, if the petroleum moved as a slug or filament, contact with elements that could alter its composition would be m
  5 KB (694 words) - 15:17, 14 February 2022
• Phases of a seismic project
  ...ruined by sloppy acquisition methods. Common culprits are poor positioning or cabling information (i.e., which receivers are live for which shots). For m ...n acquisition footprint. One should avoid footprints because they can mask or confuse geologic patterns in the data.
  3 KB (455 words) - 22:00, 25 January 2022
• Special field techniques
  ...ds or lithologic horizons on well logs, separated by distance, as the same or correlative interfaces in the earth), particularly when significant distanc ...ing, thick vegetation, and/or thin [[alluvial]] cover. A seismic shot hole or water well drilling rig can be strategically positioned for collecting such
  3 KB (412 words) - 22:40, 1 February 2022
• Maturation
  ...ecting its [[Thermal history|thermal]] and [[burial history]]. This change or maturation is measured and can be combined with quality and richness data t ...ed from most maturation indices is dependent on the type of organic matter or material being analyzed.
  3 KB (421 words) - 18:26, 9 February 2022
• Reservoir drive mechanisms
  * Rock or compaction drive ...reservoir and has a much larger volume than the reservoir (about 10 times) or is in communication with surface recharge. A strong water drive is more eff
  7 KB (1,052 words) - 18:45, 1 April 2022
• Selling a structural play
  ...to be accepted, we must construct a coherent explanation of the mechanics or tectonics responsible for creating the play. Such explanations can be any o * Appropriate physical and/or mechanical models that clarify the structure's development
  5 KB (738 words) - 15:58, 2 February 2022
• Drilling problems
  ...Typically, a dogleg is caused by a change in the [[dip]] of the formation or by a change in the weight applied to the bit. Severe doglegs can result in ...ally form as a result of dog legs. A ''key seat'' is formed when a channel or groove is cut in the side of the hole, parallel to the axis of the hole. Th
  5 KB (732 words) - 21:18, 19 January 2022
• Economics: fundamental equations for oil and gas property evaluation
  ==Profit or loss equation== ...of any business venture can be expressed as the difference (either profit or loss) between revenue and costs. In other words,
  6 KB (842 words) - 19:26, 19 January 2022
• Paleogeography
  ...]. Once an [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/isochronous isochronous] surface or coeval interval is identified, paleogeography can be reconstructed by integ
  2 KB (242 words) - 15:48, 1 March 2022
• Scientific method
  The logic sequence, or ''scientific method'', has been the basis of scientific work since the time # Test predictions by observing occurrences or nonoccurrences of the predicted phenomena.
  3 KB (380 words) - 14:31, 18 February 2022
• Laurentia
  ...million years or so. Continents can grow when two plates collide, welding, or accreting, the two pieces together. Continents also grow when [[oceanic cru
  2 KB (248 words) - 22:12, 3 December 2015
• Predicting preservation and destruction of accumulations
  ...Other accumulations, however, may be destroyed. Several processes deplete or destroy hydrocarbon accumulations. In many prospects it is not enough just ...lossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms/n/natural_gas.aspx gas] has been diluted or altered so that [[accumulation]]s are no longer economic.
  5 KB (782 words) - 22:36, 31 January 2022
• Designing a surficial geochemical survey
  * Anticipated target size and shape of the anomaly (or geologic target) * Ability to sample along (and/or between) key [[seismic line]]s
  6 KB (826 words) - 17:33, 25 January 2022
• Pore system shapes
  * [[Bored or burrowed]] | Pores are irregularly distributed and can be either poorly or very well connected
  4 KB (528 words) - 13:53, 4 April 2022
• EMD Tight Oil & Gas Committee
  ...d and developing plays in U.S. and international basins. Tight oil and gas or “shale” resources have been the focus of extensive development over the ...nual and commodity reports as needed; stand-in for the chair at leadership or other call-ins/meetings when the chair is unavailable; assist with other co
  4 KB (570 words) - 20:56, 6 April 2021
• Structural lead and prospect delineation
  * Storage capacity (structural degradation or enhancement effects) * Deliverability (structurally induced enhancement or degradation of [[permeability]])
  4 KB (511 words) - 18:50, 3 February 2022
• Scientific method: application to exploration
  | 6 || Accept, modify, or reject the hypothesis || Drilling another wildcat well Promoting a well to ...oblem (objective) of an exploration effort is to find large amounts of oil or gas cheaply.
  6 KB (808 words) - 15:30, 18 February 2022
• Source rock
  A '''source rock''' is a rock that is capable of generating or that has generated movable quantities of [[hydrocarbon]]s. ...rock is present. If so, then we ask, “How good is it? Will it generate oil or gas? Has it generated hydrocarbons already?” To answer these questions, w
  4 KB (569 words) - 21:38, 4 February 2022
• Hydrocarbon migration
  ...[Tertiary migration]] occurs when petroleum moves from one trap to another or to a seep.<ref name=Petersetal_2012>Peters, Kenneth E., David J. Curry, and ...he hydrocarbons laterally up [[dip]] through underlying beds to a [[trap]] or spill point. Lateral migration is also facilitated by meteoric groundwater
  6 KB (865 words) - 14:33, 6 April 2016
• Combination trap
  ...the trap belongs to one system or another is quite blurred. Traps with two or more trapping elements are called combination traps. ...e classified informally as (1) a hydrodynamically modified anticlinal trap or as (2) a hydrodynamic/anticlinal trap.
  4 KB (538 words) - 18:47, 12 April 2022
• Diagenesis
  ...of a sediment after deposition.It can have important effects in decreasing or enhancing [[porosity]] and [[permeability]].
  691 bytes (74 words) - 16:13, 22 October 2014

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