Lindsay et al.<ref name=Lindsay>Lindsay, N. G., F. C. Murphy, J. J. Walsh, and J. Watterson, 1993, Outcrop studies of shale smear on fault surfaces: International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication 15, p. 113-123.</ref> proposed a shale smear factor to constrain the likelihood of shale smear continuity. Based on their observations of abrasion smears in a lithified sequence, they define the shale smear factor (SSF) as (see [[:File:Shale-smear-factor-fig2.png|Figure 1c]]) | Lindsay et al.<ref name=Lindsay>Lindsay, N. G., F. C. Murphy, J. J. Walsh, and J. Watterson, 1993, Outcrop studies of shale smear on fault surfaces: International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication 15, p. 113-123.</ref> proposed a shale smear factor to constrain the likelihood of shale smear continuity. Based on their observations of abrasion smears in a lithified sequence, they define the shale smear factor (SSF) as (see [[:File:Shale-smear-factor-fig2.png|Figure 1c]]) |