Damage theory attempts to address this model flaw by simulating voids created in areas of strain, representing the mechanical pulverization of coarse grains of rock into finer grains. In such models, damage is balanced by “healing”, or the temperature and pressure-driven dynamic recrystallization of smaller grains into larger ones. If the reduction of grain size (damage) is intensely localized in a stagnant lid, an incipient crack in the mantle can turn into a full-blown rift, initiating plate tectonics.<ref name=Landuyt_etal_2008>{{cite journal|last1=Landuyt|first1=W.|last2=Bercovici|first2=D.|last3=Ricard|first3=Y.|title=Plate generation and two-phase damage theory in a model of mantle convection|journal=Geophysical Journal International|date=6 May 2008|volume=174|issue=3|pages=1065–1080|doi=10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03844.x|url=http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/content/174/3/1065.short|accessdate=10 October 2014}}</ref> Conversely, a high surface temperature will have more efficient lithospheric healing, which is another potential explanation for why Venus has a stagnant lid and Earth does not.<ref name=Foley_etal_2012 /> | Damage theory attempts to address this model flaw by simulating voids created in areas of strain, representing the mechanical pulverization of coarse grains of rock into finer grains. In such models, damage is balanced by “healing”, or the temperature and pressure-driven dynamic recrystallization of smaller grains into larger ones. If the reduction of grain size (damage) is intensely localized in a stagnant lid, an incipient crack in the mantle can turn into a full-blown rift, initiating plate tectonics.<ref name=Landuyt_etal_2008>{{cite journal|last1=Landuyt|first1=W.|last2=Bercovici|first2=D.|last3=Ricard|first3=Y.|title=Plate generation and two-phase damage theory in a model of mantle convection|journal=Geophysical Journal International|date=6 May 2008|volume=174|issue=3|pages=1065–1080|doi=10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03844.x|url=http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/content/174/3/1065.short|accessdate=10 October 2014}}</ref> Conversely, a high surface temperature will have more efficient lithospheric healing, which is another potential explanation for why Venus has a stagnant lid and Earth does not.<ref name=Foley_etal_2012 /> |