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Magma is defined as a molten rock, which behaves as a viscous liquid generated multiple tectonic processes. The ascent to the fragile crust generates bodies of varying geometry ([[:File:IMAGEN 1.png|Figure 1]]).

Magma is defined as a molten rock, which behaves as a viscous liquid generated multiple tectonic processes. The ascent to the fragile crust generates bodies of varying geometry (Fig 1).

The morphology presented deployed such bodies depends on the viscosity, the amount of magma available, the list of regional efforts and magmas own composition. They can be classified in globular and lamellar bodies exist as transitional laccoliths.

The morphology presented deployed such bodies depends on the viscosity, the amount of magma available, the list of regional efforts and magmas own composition. They can be classified in globular and lamellar bodies exist as transitional laccoliths.

The location of these in sedimentary basins has considerable economic importance globally because it generates fruitful hydrocarbon reservoirs. Examples of these are: Neuquen basin in Argentina, Rockall Basin in the Norwegian Sea and the Yellow Sea Basin in China.

The location of these in sedimentary basins has considerable economic importance globally because it generates fruitful hydrocarbon reservoirs. Examples of these are: Neuquen basin in Argentina, Rockall Basin in the Norwegian Sea and the Yellow Sea Basin in China.

== Factors Controlling The Emplacement Of Magma ==

== Factors Controlling The Emplacement Of Magma ==

[[File:IMAGEN 2.png|250px|thumbnail|right|Figure 2 : Schematic profile of the Neuquen Basin, province of Neuquen, Argentina , where you can see the site of lamellar bodies of Cenozoic age. Taken from Bermúdez & Delpino 2015.]]

[[File:IMAGEN 2.png|250px|thumbnail|right|Figure 2 : Schematic profile of the Neuquen Basin, province of Neuquen, Argentina , where you can see the site of lamellar bodies of Cenozoic age. Taken from Bermúdez & Delpino<ref name=Bermudez>Bermúdez, A., & D. Delpino, 2015, Concentric and radial joint systems within basic sills and their associated porosity enhancement, Neuquén Basin, Argentina: National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations, Conciet.</ref>]]

 

The magmatic emplacement in the crust is not a freak of nature, it is controlled by a number of physical factors. It will highlight the constraints posed by the location of sedimentary basins subvolcanic due to the importance of these as part of hydrocarbon systems.

The magmatic emplacement in the crust is not a freak of nature, it is controlled by a number of physical factors. It will highlight the constraints posed by the location of sedimentary basins subvolcanic due to the importance of these as part of hydrocarbon systems.

The focus of the article is aimed at magmatic bodies of small size (2-4 km in diameter and approximately 500 m thick) of laminar geometries and disposal consistent with available subhorizontal sedimentary rocks (Figure 2).

The focus of the article is aimed at magmatic bodies of small size (2-4 km in diameter and approximately 500 m thick) of laminar geometries and disposal consistent with available subhorizontal sedimentary rocks (Figure 2).

* '''Columnar or polygonal fractures:''' are generated by cooling and solidification of magma, where its volume is reduced contraction columnar cells formed orthogonal to the surface through which heat is lost (Fig 7 and 8).

* '''Columnar or polygonal fractures:''' are generated by cooling and solidification of magma, where its volume is reduced contraction columnar cells formed orthogonal to the surface through which heat is lost (Fig 7 and 8).

[[File:IMAGEN 8.png|500px|thumbnail|left|Figure 7: Scheme of columnar fractures. Taken from Bermúdez & Delpino 2015]]

[[File:IMAGEN 8.png|500px|thumbnail|left|Figure 7: Scheme of columnar fractures. Taken from Bermúdez & Delpino<ref name=Bermudez />]]

[[File:IMAGEN 9.png|400px|thumbnail|center|Figure 8: Variation of fracture patterns in a vertical section of a sill. Taken from Bermúdez & Delpino 2015]]

[[File:IMAGEN 9.png|400px|thumbnail|center|Figure 8: Variation of fracture patterns in a vertical section of a sill. Taken from Bermúdez & Delpino<ref name=Bermudez />]]

   

   

* '''Folding:''' the movement of material not only produces fracturing but also the folding of the overlying material. These folds are important because they may constitute important reservoirs and traps, even exploited in several basins in the world (Fig 9).

* '''Folding:''' the movement of material not only produces fracturing but also the folding of the overlying material. These folds are important because they may constitute important reservoirs and traps, even exploited in several basins in the world (Fig 9).

[[File:IMAGEN 10.png|400px|thumbnail|center|Figure 9: 2D seismic conducted northeast of Rockall basin, North Sea Norway. Observe normal faults as a product to accommodate the deformation of the fold. Taken from Hansen & Cartwright 2006.]]

[[File:IMAGEN 10.png|400px|thumbnail|center|Figure 9: 2D seismic conducted northeast of Rockall basin, North Sea Norway. Observe normal faults as a product to accommodate the deformation of the fold. Taken from Hansen & Cartwright.<ref>Cartwright, J. & D. M. Hansen, 2006, The three-dimensional geometry and growth of forced folds above saucer-shaped igneous sills. Journal of Structural Geology 28, pp. 1520-1535.</ref>]]

''' Thermal Maturity:''' the intrusion of magma of high temperatures (up to 1200 ° C) has a thermal effect on the country rock can get to promote maturation of hydrocarbons when diagenetic conditions are not optima (Fig 10) .

''' Thermal Maturity:''' the intrusion of magma of high temperatures (up to 1200 ° C) has a thermal effect on the country rock can get to promote maturation of hydrocarbons when diagenetic conditions are not optima (Fig 10) .

== Acknowledgements ==

== Acknowledgements ==

This work is especially dedicated to Juan Spacapan who was the source of encouragement

This work is especially dedicated to Juan Spacapan who was the source of encouragement and inspiration and whose studies on the subject will be a great contribution to global knowledge about this type of reservoirs.

and inspiration and whose studies on the subject will be a great contribution to global

 

knowledge about this type of reservoirs.

== Bibliography ==

== Bibliography ==

* Baudino R., Delpino D., Rodriguez Monreal F., Villar H.J., Zencich S. Moedeling an atypical petroleum system: A case study of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation related to igneous intrusions in the Neuquen Basin, Argentina. Marine and Petroleum

* Baudino R., D. Delpino, F. Rodriguez Monreal, H. J. Villar, & S. Zencich, 2009, Modeling an atypical petroleum system: A case study of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation related to igneous intrusions in the Neuquen Basin, Argentina. Marine and Petroleum Geology 26, pp. 590-605.

* Geology 26 (2009) 590-605.

* Bodet, L., P. Cobbold, O. Galland, J.-B. Gressier, J.-Y. Matthieu, & R. Mourgues,2010, Control of pore fluid pressure on depth of emplacement of magmatic sills: An experimental approach. Tectonophysics 489, pp. 1-13.

* Gudmundsson, A., & I. F. Lotveit, 2012, Sills as fractured hydrocarbon reservoirs: examples and models. Geological Society, London, Special Publications Online. doi: 10.1144/SP374.5.

* Bermúdez Adriana & Delpino Daniel. Concentric and radial joint systems within basic sills and their associated porosity enhancement, Neuquén Basin, Argentina. National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations, CONICET (2015).

* LLambias, E., 2014, Geologia de los cuerpos ígneos (2014).

* Menand, T., 2008, The mechanics and dynamics of sills in layered elastic rocks and their implications for the growth of laccoliths and other igneous complexes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 267, pp. 93-99.

* Bodet Ludovic, Cobbold Peter, Galland Olivier, Gressier Jean-Baptiste, Matthieu Jean-Yves, Mourgues Regis. Control of pore fluid pressure on depth of emplacement of magmatic sills: An experimental approach. Tectonophysics 489 (2010) 1-13.

* Skarmeta, J., 1993, Mecanismos de emplazamiento, deformacion y transicion de diques a filones manto en sedimentos jurasicos y cretacicos del norte de Chile. Revista geológica de Chile VII, pp. 207-227

* Cartwright Joe & Hansen D.M. The three-dimensional geometry and growth of forced folds above saucer-shaped igneous sills. Journal of Structural Geology 28 (2006) 1520-1535.

 

* Gudmundsson Agust & Lotveit Ingrid F. Sills as fractured hydrocarbon reservoirs: examples and models. Geological Society, London, Special Publications Online (2012) as doi: 10.1144/SP374.5.

 

* LLambias Eduardo. Geologia de los cuerpos ígneos (2014).

 

* Menand Thierry. The mechanics and dynamics of sills in layered elastic rocks and their implications for the growth of laccoliths and other igneous complexes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 267 (2008) 93-99.

 

* Skarmeta Jorge. Mecanismos de emplazamiento, deformacion y transicion de diques a filones manto en sedimentos jurasicos y cretacicos del norte de Chile. Revista geológica de Chile VII (1993) 207-227