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[[File:M97Ch1.2FG15.jpg|thumb|500px|{{figure number|15}}Mobil Oil Corp. 12-3-Jakeys Ridge geochemical log, Paradox Basin, showing the oil crossover in the uppermost Cane Creek Shale. TOC = total organic carbon; S1 = Rock-Eval measured oil contents; S2 = Rock-Eval measured kerogen yields.]]

[[File:M97Ch1.2FG15.jpg|thumb|500px|{{figure number|15}}Mobil Oil Corp. 12-3-Jakeys Ridge geochemical log, Paradox Basin, showing the oil crossover in the uppermost Cane Creek Shale. TOC = total organic carbon; S1 = Rock-Eval measured oil contents; S2 = Rock-Eval measured kerogen yields.]]

Various shales in the Paradox Basin have been completed for shale gas, but as in many basins, an oil window play is also available for a shale-oil resource system(s) play. In fact, the Pennsylvanian Cane Creek Shale of the Paradox Basin first produced 6264 m3 (39,393 bbl) of oil from the 5-Big Flat vertical well in 1961 in what became the Bartlett Flat field (Chidsey et al., 2004). The only true commercial success from a vertical well came with the 1-Long Canyon that is estimated to have produced 159,000 m3 (1 million bbl) of oil and 3 times 107 m3 (1 billion ft3) of gas (Chidsey et al., 2004).

Various shales in the Paradox Basin have been completed for shale gas, but as in many basins, an oil window play is also available for a shale-oil resource system(s) play. In fact, the Pennsylvanian Cane Creek Shale of the Paradox Basin first produced 6264 m3 (39,393 bbl) of oil from the 5-Big Flat vertical well in 1961 in what became the Bartlett Flat field.<ref name=Chdsy>Chidsey, T. C., C. D. Morgan, and R. L. Bon, 2004, [http://geology.utah.gov/emppump/pdf/pumprpt8.pdf Major oil plays in Utah and vicinity: Quarterly technical progress report], reporting period April 1 to June 30, 2004, dated July 2004, 18 p.</ref> The only true commercial success from a vertical well came with the 1-Long Canyon that is estimated to have produced 159,000 m3 (1 million bbl) of oil and 3 times 107 m3 (1 billion ft3) of gas.<ref name=Chdsy />

A short horizontal well drilled by Columbia Gas Development Corp. in 1991, the 27-1-Kane Springs Federal, flowed 145 m3 (914 bbl) of oil and 8200 m3 (290 mcf) of gas over the Cane Creek Shale interval from 2267 to 2512 m (7438–8240 ft), with a pressure gradient of 19.2 kPa/m (0.85 psi/ft) (Chidsey et al., 2004).

A short horizontal well drilled by Columbia Gas Development Corp. in 1991, the 27-1-Kane Springs Federal, flowed 145 m3 (914 bbl) of oil and 8200 m3 (290 mcf) of gas over the Cane Creek Shale interval from 2267 to 2512 m (7438–8240 ft), with a pressure gradient of 19.2 kPa/m (0.85 psi/ft).<ref name=Chdsy />

A well drilled in 2009 by Whiting Oil amp Gas Corp., the 43-18H-Threemile in San Juan County, Utah, in the Cane Creek Shale was reported to have 8 to 13% porosity, 10 to 50 microdarcys permeability, and 20 to 35% water saturation; and was highly overpressured with a pressure gradient of 21.218 kPa/m (0.938 psi/ft) (Rasmussen et al., 2010). The well was completed with an uncemented liner and swell packers with 11-stage stimulation every 152.4 m (500 ft), each with 49,895.16 kg (110,000 lb) of proppant and 318 m3 (2000 bbl) of gel (Rasmussen et al., 2010). The scout ticket shows an initial flow rate of 1.145 m3/day (72 bbl/day) of oil, 1080 m3/day (38 mcf/day) of gas, and 31.16 m3/day (196 bbl/day) of water, but the well has since produced 1722 m3 (10,832 bbl) of oil, 5.16 times 104 m3 (1821 mcf) of gas, and 8863 m3 (55,745 bbl) of water, with a maximum GOR of 134.83 m3/m3 (757 scf/bbl).<ref name=IHSENOD2010 />

A well drilled in 2009 by Whiting Oil amp Gas Corp., the 43-18H-Threemile in San Juan County, Utah, in the Cane Creek Shale was reported to have 8 to 13% porosity, 10 to 50 microdarcys permeability, and 20 to 35% water saturation; and was highly overpressured with a pressure gradient of 21.218 kPa/m (0.938 psi/ft).<ref name=Rsmssn>Rasmussen, L., T. Smith, L. Canter, M. Sonnenfeld, and J. Forster, 2010, [http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/abstracts/pdf/2010/rms/abstracts/ndx_rasmussen03.pdf Analysis of a long Cane Creek horizontal: New insight into an unconventional tight oil resource play, Paradox Basin, Utah (abs.)]: AAPG Rocky Mountain Section meeting, Durango, Colorado, June 13–16, 2010, AAPG Search and Discovery 90106.</ref> The well was completed with an uncemented liner and swell packers with 11-stage stimulation every 152.4 m (500 ft), each with 49,895.16 kg (110,000 lb) of proppant and 318 m3 (2000 bbl) of gel.<ref name=Rsmssn /> The scout ticket shows an initial flow rate of 1.145 m3/day (72 bbl/day) of oil, 1080 m3/day (38 mcf/day) of gas, and 31.16 m3/day (196 bbl/day) of water, but the well has since produced 1722 m3 (10,832 bbl) of oil, 5.16 times 104 m3 (1821 mcf) of gas, and 8863 m3 (55,745 bbl) of water, with a maximum GOR of 134.83 m3/m3 (757 scf/bbl).<ref name=IHSENOD2010 />

An example of the Pennsylvanian Cane Creek section is provided by a geochemical log of the Mobil Oil Corp. 12-3-Jakeys Ridge well ([[:File:M97Ch1.2FG15.jpg|Figure 15]]). These data illustrate the high organic carbon content throughout this 755.9 m (5760.81 ft) interval of the Cane Creek Shale, with an overall average of 7.67%. However, four distinct intervals are present, with average TOC values over the uppermost interval of 67 m (219.81 ft) with 1.34%, 146.3 m (479.98 ft) of 4.91%, 231.7 m (701.11 ft) of 13.49%, and 42.7 m (140.09 ft) of 6.61%. Although extremely high oil contents (S1) are present in the organic-rich interval, the values only exceed 100 mg/g at 2315.5 m (7596.76 ft), whereas the uppermost lean zone in this well has the highest OSI values averaging 120 mg/g over 67 m (219.81 ft). Thermal maturity is middle oil window based on the % Roe from Tmax measurements. The present-day hydrogen index (HIpd) values are low given this level of thermal maturity, suggesting either high-level conversion at this thermal maturity or lower than expected HIo values. The HIo values are estimated to have been 123, 265, 475, and 356 mg/g for the four different organic richness zones previously described.

An example of the Pennsylvanian Cane Creek section is provided by a geochemical log of the Mobil Oil Corp. 12-3-Jakeys Ridge well ([[:File:M97Ch1.2FG15.jpg|Figure 15]]). These data illustrate the high organic carbon content throughout this 755.9 m (5760.81 ft) interval of the Cane Creek Shale, with an overall average of 7.67%. However, four distinct intervals are present, with average TOC values over the uppermost interval of 67 m (219.81 ft) with 1.34%, 146.3 m (479.98 ft) of 4.91%, 231.7 m (701.11 ft) of 13.49%, and 42.7 m (140.09 ft) of 6.61%. Although extremely high oil contents (S1) are present in the organic-rich interval, the values only exceed 100 mg/g at 2315.5 m (7596.76 ft), whereas the uppermost lean zone in this well has the highest OSI values averaging 120 mg/g over 67 m (219.81 ft). Thermal maturity is middle oil window based on the % Roe from Tmax measurements. The present-day hydrogen index (HIpd) values are low given this level of thermal maturity, suggesting either high-level conversion at this thermal maturity or lower than expected HIo values. The HIo values are estimated to have been 123, 265, 475, and 356 mg/g for the four different organic richness zones previously described.

* BeMent, W. O., R. A. Levey, and F. D. Mango, 1994, The temperature of oil generation as defined with a C7 chemistry maturity parameter (2,4-DMP/2,3-DMP ratio): First Joint AAPG/AMPG Research Conference, Geological Aspects of Petroleum Systems, October 2–6, 1994, Mexico City, Mexico: http://wwgeochem.com/references/BeMentetalabstract.pdf (accessed November 12, 2010).

* BeMent, W. O., R. A. Levey, and F. D. Mango, 1994, The temperature of oil generation as defined with a C7 chemistry maturity parameter (2,4-DMP/2,3-DMP ratio): First Joint AAPG/AMPG Research Conference, Geological Aspects of Petroleum Systems, October 2–6, 1994, Mexico City, Mexico: http://wwgeochem.com/references/BeMentetalabstract.pdf (accessed November 12, 2010).

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* Cole, G. A., and R. J. Drozd, 1994, Heath-Tyler(!) petroleum system in central Montana, in L. B. Magoon and W. G. Dow, eds., The petroleum system: From source to trap: AAPG Memoir 60, p. 371–385.

* Cole, G. A., and R. J. Drozd, 1994, Heath-Tyler(!) petroleum system in central Montana, in L. B. Magoon and W. G. Dow, eds., The petroleum system: From source to trap: AAPG Memoir 60, p. 371–385.

* Cooles, G. P., A. S. Mackenzie, and T. M. Quigley, 1986, Calculation of petroleum masses generated and expelled from source rocks: Organic Geochemistry, v. 10, p. 235–245, doi:10.1016/0146-6380(86)90026-4.

* Cooles, G. P., A. S. Mackenzie, and T. M. Quigley, 1986, Calculation of petroleum masses generated and expelled from source rocks: Organic Geochemistry, v. 10, p. 235–245, doi:10.1016/0146-6380(86)90026-4.

* Oil amp Gas Journal, 2010b, Pioneer to pursue oil in Lower Wolfcamp shale: http://www.ogj.com/index/article-display/0885614732/articles/oil-gas-journal/explorationdevelopment-2/2010/10/pioneer-to_pursue.html (accessed November 12, 2010).

* Oil amp Gas Journal, 2010b, Pioneer to pursue oil in Lower Wolfcamp shale: http://www.ogj.com/index/article-display/0885614732/articles/oil-gas-journal/explorationdevelopment-2/2010/10/pioneer-to_pursue.html (accessed November 12, 2010).

* Oil amp Gas Journal, 2010c, Whiting Petroleum's sweet spot is most prolific part of the Bakken: http://www.pennenergy.com/index/petroleum/display/6670774195/articles/oil-gas-financial-journal/volume-6/Issue_7/Features/Whiting_Petroleum_s__sweet_spot__is_most_prolific_part_of_the_Bakken.html (accessed November 12, 2010).

* Oil amp Gas Journal, 2010c, Whiting Petroleum's sweet spot is most prolific part of the Bakken: http://www.pennenergy.com/index/petroleum/display/6670774195/articles/oil-gas-financial-journal/volume-6/Issue_7/Features/Whiting_Petroleum_s__sweet_spot__is_most_prolific_part_of_the_Bakken.html (accessed November 12, 2010).

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* Riediger, C. L., M. G. Fowler, P. W. Brooks, and L. R. Snowdon, 1990, Triassic oils and potential Mesozoic source rocks: Peace River arch area, Western Canada Basin: Organic Geochemistry, v. 16, no. 1–3, p. 295–305, doi:10.1016/0146-6380(90)90049-6.

* Riediger, C. L., M. G. Fowler, P. W. Brooks, and L. R. Snowdon, 1990, Triassic oils and potential Mesozoic source rocks: Peace River arch area, Western Canada Basin: Organic Geochemistry, v. 16, no. 1–3, p. 295–305, doi:10.1016/0146-6380(90)90049-6.