Changes

|competition=June 2015

|competition=June 2015

}}

}}

Reservoir rock have many lithologies like sandstones, limestones, granitic, tuff, and shale. Reservoir filled by hydrocarbon on fracture or pores. All reservoir hydrocarbon content connate water . some reservoir content connate water in the micropore that content 10-60% from the pores volume.

Reservoir rock have many lithologies like sandstones, limestones, granitic, tuff, and shale. Reservoir filled by hydrocarbon on [[fracture]] or pores. All reservoir hydrocarbon content connate water . some reservoir content connate water in the micropore that content 10-60% from the pores volume.

Information about scale factor needed to conceptualized reservoir.  Scale factor can differences by microscopic; relates to pores and sand grains, macroscopic; relates to conventional core-plug scale, megascopic relates to the scale of grid-blocks in simulation models, and gigascopic relates to regional scale.  

Information about scale factor needed to conceptualized reservoir.  Scale factor can differences by microscopic; relates to pores and sand grains, macroscopic; relates to conventional core-plug scale, megascopic relates to the scale of grid-blocks in simulation models, and gigascopic relates to regional scale.  

===Homogeneity and Heterogeneity===

===Homogeneity and Heterogeneity===

Homogeneity factor consist uniform material. Homogeneity factor is similar depositional environment, grain distribution is relatively similar, and similar kind of intensity diagenesa. While the heterogeneity factors is changes in depositional environment, sedimentary material, grain size distribution, and facies, also different type and intensity of diagenesis processes.  

Homogeneity factor consist uniform material. Homogeneity factor is similar depositional environment, grain distribution is relatively similar, and similar kind of intensity diagenesa. While the heterogeneity factors is changes in depositional environment, sedimentary material, [[grain size]] distribution, and facies, also different type and intensity of [[diagenesis]] processes.  

===Pore Structure and Geometry===

===Pore Structure and Geometry===

===Reservoir Boundary===

===Reservoir Boundary===

Reservoir bounded by impermeable layers and fluid contact. Field boundaries is ensured through the well but based on well data; electric logs,  well flow testing, and repeat formation tester (RFT). Boundary of water and hydrocarbon zones is reduced gradually. This saturation interval resulted in the transition zone.  This zone is used as perforation zone in production well.

Reservoir bounded by impermeable layers and [[fluid contacts]]. Field boundaries is ensured through the well but based on well data; electric logs,  well flow testing, and repeat formation tester (RFT). Boundary of water and hydrocarbon zones is reduced gradually. This saturation interval resulted in the transition zone.  This zone is used as perforation zone in production well.

==Physical Properties of Rocks==

==Physical Properties of Rocks==

Porosity (Phi) 5, permeability (k) mD, fluid saturation (S) %, capiler pressure (Pc) Psi, compressibility (C) Psi^-1, resistivity (R) ohm.   

Porosity (Phi) 5, permeability (k) mD, fluid saturation (S) %, capiler pressure (Pc) Psi, compressibility (C) Psi^-1, resistivity (R) ohm.   

===Porosity===

===Porosity===

===<big>Capillary Reservoir Pressure</big><big></big>===

===<big>Capillary Reservoir Pressure</big><big></big>===

Surface pressure of two different types of fluid known as capillary pressure. Capillary pressure is influenced by the pore size and wettability.  

Surface pressure of two different types of fluid known as [[capillary pressure]]. Capillary pressure is influenced by the pore size and wettability.  

: <math>P_c = \frac{2 \sigma \cos{\theta}}{r}</math>

: <math>P_c = \frac{2 \sigma \cos{\theta}}{r}</math>

With θ wettability contact, σ is surface tension, and r pore size or curvature of the fluid surface. Capillary pressure data known as wetting phase function. Conversion of laboratory data required to determine the reservoir to reservoir capillarity.

With θ wettability contact, σ is surface tension, and r pore size or curvature of the fluid surface. Capillary pressure data known as wetting phase function. Conversion of laboratory data required to determine the reservoir to reservoir capillarity.

: <math>P_{c_{res}} = P_{c_{lab}} \frac{\sigma_{res}(\cos{\theta})_{res}}{\sigma_{lab}(\cos{\theta})_{lab}}</math>

: <math>P_{c_{res}} = P_{c_{lab}} \frac{\sigma_{res}(\cos{\theta})_{res}}{\sigma_{lab}(\cos{\theta})_{lab}}</math>

If the hydrocarbon pressure equal to the water capillary pressure equal with zero. This point is called as a free water level (FWL).

If the hydrocarbon pressure equal to the water capillary pressure equal with zero. This point is called as a [[free water level]] (FWL).

: <math>\text{P}_\text{c} = \text{P}_\text{hc} - \text{P}_\text{w}</math>

: <math>\text{P}_\text{c} = \text{P}_\text{hc} - \text{P}_\text{w}</math>

Changes in capillary pressure against the reference position below the hydrocarbon zone can be seen as a function of:

Changes in capillary pressure against the reference position below the hydrocarbon zone can be seen as a function of:

: <math>C_f = \frac{0.853531}{(1 + 2.47664 \times \phi)^{0.92990}}</math>

: <math>C_f = \frac{0.853531}{(1 + 2.47664 \times \phi)^{0.92990}}</math>

For hydrocarbon reservoir compressibility can be express by:

For [[hydrocarbon reservoir]] compressibility can be express by:

:<math>\text{C}_\text{t} = \text{S}_\text{o} \text{C}_\text{o} + \text{S}_\text{g} \text{C}_\text{g} + \text{S}_\text{w} \text{C}_\text{w} + \text{C}_\text{f}</math>

:<math>\text{C}_\text{t} = \text{S}_\text{o} \text{C}_\text{o} + \text{S}_\text{g} \text{C}_\text{g} + \text{S}_\text{w} \text{C}_\text{w} + \text{C}_\text{f}</math>

===Specific Gravity===

===Specific Gravity===

Specific gravity defined by the rate of gas density in a pressure and temperature sub surface by gas density in equal temperature and pressure (usually in surface). </ref><ref name=Wicaksono2015> Wicaksono. 2015. ''Reservoir Hydrocarbon''. AAPG Short Course: Brawijaya University.</ref>

Specific [[gravity]] defined by the rate of gas density in a pressure and temperature sub surface by gas density in equal temperature and pressure (usually in surface). </ref><ref name=Wicaksono2015> Wicaksono. 2015. ''Reservoir Hydrocarbon''. AAPG Short Course: Brawijaya University.</ref>

: <math>\gamma_g = \frac{MW}{28.97}</math>

: <math>\gamma_g = \frac{MW}{28.97}</math>

{{reflist}}

{{reflist}}

==Source==

==Other Source==

 

* Koesoemadinata. 1980. ''Geologi Minyak dan Gas Bumi''. Bandung: ITB

 

Koesoemadinata. 1980. ''Geologi Minyak dan Gas Bumi''. Bandung: ITB