Changes

[[File:Fig 1 Emad final thin boundary2.jpg|thumb|300px|{{figure number|2}} Sketch showing evolution stages of three growth faults. The black arrow shows the direction of evolution.]]

[[File:Fig 1 Emad final thin boundary2.jpg|thumb|300px|{{figure number|2}} Sketch showing evolution stages of three growth faults. The black arrow shows the direction of evolution.]]

[[Growth fault]]s are syn-depositional or syn-sedimentary extensional faults that initiate and evolve at the margins of continental plates. They extend parallel to passive margins that have high sediment supply. Their fault plane [[dip]]s mostly toward the basin and has long-term continuous displacement. [[:File:Fig_1_Emad_final_thin_boundary1.jpg|Figure 1]] shows a growth fault with a concave upward fault plane that has high updip angle and flattened at its base into zone of detachment. This angle is continuously changing from nearly vertical in the up dip area to nearly horizontal in the down dip area.

[[Growth fault]]s are syndepositional or synsedimentary extensional faults that initiate and evolve at the margins of continental plates. They extend parallel to passive margins that have high sediment supply. Their fault plane [[dip]]s mostly toward the basin and has long-term continuous displacement. [[:File:Fig_1_Emad_final_thin_boundary1.jpg|Figure 1]] shows a growth fault with a concave upward fault plane that has high updip angle and flattened at its base into zone of detachment. This angle is continuously changing from nearly vertical in the up dip area to nearly horizontal in the down dip area.

Growth faults [[maturation]] is a long term process that takes millions of years with slip rate ranges between 0.2-1.2 millimeters per year. It starts when sedimentary sequences are deposited on top of each other above a thick [[evaporite]] layer ([[:File:Fig 1 Emad final thin boundary2.jpg|Figure 2]]). A growth fault is initiated when the evaporite layer can no longer support the overlying sequences. The thicker and denser portion applies much more pressure on the evaporite layer than the thin portion. As a result, a flow within the evaporite layer is initiated from high pressure areas toward low pressure areas causing growth ridges to form below the thin portion. Also, sinking zones are noticed among these ridges at areas where thicker and denser layers form ([[:File:Fig 1 Emad final thin boundary2.jpg|Figure 2]]).

Growth faults [[maturation]] is a long term process that takes millions of years with slip rate ranges between 0.2-1.2 millimeters per year. It starts when sedimentary sequences are deposited on top of each other above a thick [[evaporite]] layer ([[:File:Fig 1 Emad final thin boundary2.jpg|Figure 2]]). A growth fault is initiated when the evaporite layer can no longer support the overlying sequences. The thicker and denser portion applies much more pressure on the evaporite layer than the thin portion. As a result, a flow within the evaporite layer is initiated from high pressure areas toward low pressure areas causing growth ridges to form below the thin portion. Also, sinking zones are noticed among these ridges at areas where thicker and denser layers form ([[:File:Fig 1 Emad final thin boundary2.jpg|Figure 2]]).

   

   

'''Rock Deformation'''

'''Rock Deformation'''

* Large scale deformation of the Earth’s [[crust]] = Plate Tectonics

* Large scale deformation of the Earth’s [[crust]] = [[plate tectonics]]

* Smaller scale deformation = structural geology

* Smaller scale deformation = structural geology

Types of directed Stress include

Types of directed Stress include

* Compression

* [[Compression]]

* Tension

* [[Tension]]

* Shear

* [[Shear]]

; Compression: Action of coincident oppositely directed forces acting towards each other

; Compression: Action of coincident oppositely directed forces acting towards each other

==Sources==

==Sources==

# Cazes, C. A., 2004, Overlap Zones, Growth Faults, and Sedimentation: Using High Resolution Gravity Data, Livingston Parish, LA. Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Geology and Geophysics; Louisiana State University, Thesis, p. 147.

# Cazes, C. A., 2004, Overlap zones, growth faults, and sedimentation: Using high resolution gravity data, Livingston Parish, LA: Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Geology and Geophysics; Thesis, Louisiana State University, p. 147.

# Schlische, R. W., M. H. Anders, 1996, Stratigraphic effects and tectonic implications of the growth of normal faults and extensional basins, "in" K. Berata, ed., Reconstructing the History of the Basin and Range Extension using Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, Geological Society of America 303, pp. 183–203.

# Schlische, R. W., M. H. Anders, 1996, Stratigraphic effects and tectonic implications of the growth of normal faults and extensional basins, "in" K. Berata, ed., Reconstructing the History of the Basin and Range Extension using Sedimentology and Stratigraphy: Geological Society of America Memoir 303, pp. 183–203.

# Doglioni, C., N. D’Agostino, and G. Mariotti, 1998, Normal faulting versus regional

# Doglioni, C., N. D’Agostino, and G. Mariotti, 1998, Normal faulting versus regional

# http://Homepage.smc.edu/grippo-alessandro/strct3.html

# http://Homepage.smc.edu/grippo-alessandro/strct3.html

# [http://www.en.wikipedia.org Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]

# [http://www.en.wikipedia.org Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]

# [http://www.geology.com Structural geology]

# [http://www.geology.com Structural geology]

# http://www.princeton/~~achaey/time/course/wiki100k/docs/structures.

# [http://www.princeton/~~achaey/time/course/wiki100k/docs/structures]