Changes

  | part    = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps

  | part    = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps

  | chapter = Applied paleontology

  | chapter = Applied paleontology

  | frompg  = 17-1

  | frompg  = 17-15

  | topg    = 17-65

  | topg    = 17-17

  | author  = Robert L. Fleisher, H. Richard Lane

  | author  = Robert L. Fleisher, H. Richard Lane

  | link    = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch17/ch17.htm

  | link    = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch17/ch17.htm

* Use the least destructive technique for processing samples. This can be accomplished by mechanical (detergent, Varsol®, blender, etc.) and chemical (H₂O₂, various acids, bases, etc.) techniques. Overprocessing damages or destroys fossils, reducing the usefulness of the sample. Indurated rocks may require thin section.

* Use the least destructive technique for processing samples. This can be accomplished by mechanical (detergent, Varsol®, blender, etc.) and chemical (H₂O₂, various acids, bases, etc.) techniques. Overprocessing damages or destroys fossils, reducing the usefulness of the sample. Indurated rocks may require thin section.

* Carefully monitor the laboratory sample processing techniques that extract microfossils from the sediment. To obtain high-quality residues, try the following:

* Carefully monitor the laboratory sample processing techniques that extract microfossils from the sediment. To obtain high-quality residues, try the following:

For specific processing techniques, see Kummel and Raup.<ref name=ch17r53>Kummel, B., Raup, D., eds., 1965, Handbook of Paleontological Techniques: San Francisco, W., H. Freeman, 851 p.</ref> or Feldmann et al.<ref name=ch17r38>Feldmann, R., M., Chapman, R., E., Hannibal, J., T., eds., 1989, Paleotechniques: Paleontological Society Special Publication 4, 358 p.</ref>

 

For specific processing techniques, see Kummel and Raup.<ref name=ch17r53>Kummel, B., Raup, D., eds., 1965, Handbook of Paleontological Techniques: San Francisco, W., H. Freeman, 851 p.</ref> or Feldmann et al.<ref name=ch17r38>Feldmann, R., M., Chapman, R., E., Hann[[iba]]l, J., T., eds., 1989, Paleotechniques: Paleontological Society Special Publication 4, 358 p.</ref>

==Other sample types==

==Other sample types==

Despite the emphasis on cuttings, other sample types are used for paleontologic analysis. Cores are particularly useful in carbonate plays. Analysis of sidewall cores (especially of nonreservoir rock) can reliably identify lowest occurrence horizons because they avoid sampling caved material. The rise of international exploration has led to increased analysis of outcrop material; outcrop samples should be unweathered and “clean” to avoid contamination and leaching. Megafossils, which can be collected in many outcrop sections, may define the known local stratigraphic framework.

Despite the emphasis on cuttings, other sample types are used for paleontologic analysis. Cores are particularly useful in carbonate plays. Analysis of sidewall cores (especially of nonreservoir rock) can reliably identify lowest occurrence horizons because they avoid sampling caved material. The rise of international exploration has led to increased analysis of outcrop material; [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/outcrop outcrop] samples should be unweathered and “clean” to avoid contamination and leaching. Megafossils, which can be collected in many outcrop sections, may define the known local stratigraphic framework.

==Sample preparation==

==Sample preparation==

A wide variety of techniques is available for preparing samples for paleontologic analysis. Most of these involve methods of freeing fossils from sediment and concentrating them for ease of examination. The choice of preparation process depends upon the lithology and the type of fossil; the essentially mechanical techniques used to extract foraminifera from clastic sediments are totally different from the chemical methods used to free paly-nomorphs or to extract conodonts from limestone. Kummel and Raup<ref name=ch17r53 />) and Feldmann et al.<ref name=ch17r38 />) describe many of the preparation techniques in detail.

A wide variety of techniques is available for preparing samples for paleontologic analysis. Most of these involve methods of freeing fossils from sediment and concentrating them for ease of examination. The choice of preparation process depends upon the lithology and the type of fossil; the essentially mechanical techniques used to extract foraminifera from clastic sediments are totally different from the chemical methods used to free paly-nomorphs or to extract conodonts from [[limestone]]. Kummel and Raup<ref name=ch17r53 />) and Feldmann et al.<ref name=ch17r38 />) describe many of the preparation techniques in detail.

==See also==

==See also==

* [[Approaches to paleontologic data generation]]

* [[Approaches to data generation]]

* [[Sample and data archiving]]

==References==

==References==

[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]]  

[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]]  

[[Category:Applied paleontology]]

[[Category:Applied paleontology]]