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Line 14: − This chapter discusses the concept and use of petroleum systems. It describes what petroleum systems are and how they can be identified and mapped.+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − + − + − + + + + + + + + Line 28:
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added Category:Treatise Handbook 3 using HotCat
| part = Traps, trap types, and the petroleum system
| part = Traps, trap types, and the petroleum system
| chapter = Petroleum systems
| chapter = Petroleum systems
| frompg = 3-1
| frompg = 3-5
| topg = 3-34
| topg = 3-5
| author = Leslie B. Magoon, Edward A. Beaumont
| author = Leslie B. Magoon, Edward A. Beaumont
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch03/ch03.htm
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch03/ch03.htm
| isbn = 0-89181-602-X
| isbn = 0-89181-602-X
}}
}}
The [[petroleum]] system is a unifying concept that encompasses all of the disparate elements and processes of petroleum geology, including: the essential elements ([[source]], [[reservoir]], [[seal]], and [[overburden rock]]) and processes ([[trap formation]], [[generation]]-[[migration]]-[[accumulation]]) and all genetically related petroleum that originated from one pod of active [[source rock]] and occurs in [[show]]s, [[seep]]s, or [[accumulation]]s;<ref name=Magoonanddow_1994>Magoon, L. B., and W. G. Dow, 1994, The petroleum system: From source to trap: [http://archives.datapages.com/data/alt-browse/aapg-special-volumes/m60.htm AAPG Memoir 60], 655 p.</ref> also called [[hydrocarbon system]].<ref name=Petersetal_2012>Peters, Kenneth E., David J. Curry, and Marek Kacewicz, 2012, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/hedberg4/INTRODUCTION/INTRODUCTION.HTM An overview of basin and petroleum system modeling: Definitions and concepts], ''in'' Peters, Kenneth E., David J. Curry, and Marek Kacewicz, eds., Basin modeling: New horizons in research and applications: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=1106 AAPG Hedberg Series no. 4], p. 1-16.</ref>
Practical application of petroleum systems can be used in exploration, resource evaluation, and research.
==What is a petroleum system?==
A petroleum system encompasses a pod of active [[source rock]] and all genetically related oil and gas accumulations. It includes all the geologic elements and processes that are essential if an [[oil]] and [[Natural gas|gas]] [[accumulation]] is to exist.
'''Petroleum''' describes a compound that includes high concentrations of any of the following substances:
* Thermal and biological hydrocarbon gas found in conventional reservoirs as well as in [[gas hydrates]], tight reservoirs, [[fracture]]d [[shale]], and [[coal]]
* Condensates
* [[Crude oil]]s
* Natural bitumen in reservoirs, generally in [[Lithofacies and environmental analysis of clastic depositional systems|siliciclastic]] and [http://http://www.geologyrocks.co.uk/tutorials/introduction_to_carbonates carbonate] rocks
'''System''' describes the interdependent elements and processes that form the functional unit that creates hydrocarbon [[accumulation]]s.
==Elements and processes==
The essential elements of a petroleum system include the following:
* [[Source rock]]
* [[Reservoir]] rock
* [[Seal]] rock
* [[Overburden]] rock
[[Petroleum systems]] have two processes:
* [[Trap]] formation
* [[Petroleum generation|Generation]]–[[Hydrocarbon_expulsion,_migration,_and_accumulation|expulsion]]–[[migration]]–[[accumulation]] of hydrocarbons
These essential elements and processes must be correctly placed in time and space so that organic matter included in a source rock can be converted into a petroleum accumulation. A petroleum system exists wherever all these essential elements and processes are known to occur or are thought to have a reasonable chance or probability to occur.
==Petroleum system investigation==
A petroleum system investigation identifies, names, determines the level of certainty, and maps the [[geographic, stratigraphic, and temporal extent]] of a petroleum system. The investigation includes certain components:
* [[Oil-oil and oil-source rock correlation|Petroleum–petroleum geochemical correlation]]
* [[Oil-oil and oil-source rock correlation|Petroleum–source rock geochemical correlation]]
* [[Burial history chart]]
* Petroleum system map
* Petroleum system [[cross section]]
* [[Petroleum_system:_geographic,_stratigraphic,_and_temporal_extent#What_is_an_events_chart.3F|Events chart]]
* Table of hydrocarbon accumulations
* Determination of [[Estimating expulsion efficiency|generation–accumulation efficiency]]
==See also==
==See also==
* [[Defining a petroleum system]]
* [[Petroleum system identification]]
* [[Examples of two petroleum systems]]
* [[Petroleum system naming]]
* [[Applying [[the petroleum system concept]]]]
* [[Petroleum system: geographic, stratigraphic, and temporal extent]]
* [[Petroleum system size]]
* [[Province, basin, system, play, and prospect]]
* [[Reducing exploration risk]]
* [[Petroleum system concept: examples of application]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
==External links==
[[Category:Traps, trap types, and the petroleum system]]
[[Category:Traps, trap types, and the petroleum system]]
[[Category:Petroleum systems]]
[[Category:Petroleum systems]]
[[Category:Treatise Handbook 3]]