Changes

  | part    = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps

  | part    = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps

  | chapter = Exploring for structural traps

  | chapter = Exploring for structural traps

  | frompg  = 20-1

  | frompg  = 20-38

  | topg    = 20-70

  | topg    = 20-39

  | author  = R.A. Nelson, T.L. Patton, S. Serra

  | author  = R.A. Nelson, T.L. Patton, S. Serra

  | link    = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch20/ch20.htm

  | link    = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch20/ch20.htm

==Information provided==

==Information provided==

Five types of fracture analysis provide the following types of information:

Five types of [[fracture]] analysis provide the following types of information:

===Outcrop studies===

===Outcrop studies===

===Curvature analysis===

===Curvature analysis===

* Strain distribution prediction based on geometry from structural mapping (fold shape and location on fold)

* Strain distribution prediction based on geometry from structural mapping ([[fold]] shape and location on fold)

* Natural fracture intensity prediction and, to a limited extent, fracture [[porosity]], given [[assumptions]] regarding rock behavior and strain partitioning

* Natural fracture intensity prediction and, to a limited extent, fracture [[porosity]], given assumptions regarding rock behavior and [[Wikipedia:Deformation_(mechanics)#Strain|strain]] partitioning

===Core analysis===

===Core analysis===

===Mathematical models===

===Mathematical models===

* Prediction of compactive vs. dilatant rock behavior

* Prediction of [[Reservoir_quality#Compaction|compactive]] vs. dilatant rock behavior

* Maps of fracture zones and variations in fracture intensity

* Maps of fracture zones and variations in fracture intensity

* Prediction of fracture porosity, given assumptions regarding relationships between stress and strain and the fracture response of the rock

* Prediction of fracture porosity, given assumptions regarding relationships between stress and strain and the fracture response of the rock

==How to use it==

==How to use it==

Fracture analysis can help us define structural axes and trends or fracture-related reservoir properties. It can be applied in a variety of structural terranes and rock types, but it is especially important in brittle rock packages. To determine reservoir-property requires integrating geology, petrophysics, and reservoir engineering, and it is most often done by experienced specialists.

Fracture analysis can help us define structural axes and trends or fracture-related reservoir properties. It can be applied in a variety of structural [[Wikipedia:Terrane|terranes]] and rock types, but it is especially important in [[Brittleness|brittle]] rock packages. To determine reservoir-property requires integrating geology, petrophysics, and reservoir engineering, and it is most often done by experienced specialists.

==Examples of use==

==Examples of use==

* Narr, W., 1996, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1994-96/data/pg/0080/0010/1550/1565.htm Estimating average fracture spacing in subsurface rock]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 80, p. 1565–1586.

* Narr, W., 1996, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1994-96/data/pg/0080/0010/1550/1565.htm Estimating average fracture spacing in subsurface rock]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 80, p. 1565–1586.

* Laubach, S., E., 1997, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1997/04apr/0604/0604.htm A method to detect natural fracture strike in sandstones]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 81, p. 604–623.

* Laubach, S. E., 1997, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1997/04apr/0604/0604.htm A method to detect natural fracture strike in sandstones]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 81, p. 604–623.

* Laubach, S., E., 1989, Fracture Analysis of the Travis Peak Formation, Western Flank of the Sabine Arch, East Texas: University of Texas at Austin Bureau of Economic Geology Report of Investigations 185, 55 p.

* Laubach, S. E., 1989, Fracture Analysis of the Travis Peak Formation, Western Flank of the Sabine Arch, East Texas: University of Texas at Austin Bureau of Economic Geology Report of Investigations 185, 55 p.

* Kulander, B., R., Dean, S., L., Ward, B., J., Jr., 1990, Fractured Core Analysis: Interpretation, Logging, and Use of Natural and Induced Fractures in Core: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=1203 AAPG Methods in Exploration 8], 88 p.

* Kulander, B. R., S. L. Dean, and B. J. Ward, Jr., 1990, Fractured Core Analysis: Interpretation, Logging, and Use of Natural and Induced Fractures in Core: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=1203 AAPG Methods in Exploration 8], 88 p.

* Jamison, W., R., 1997, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1997/07jul/1110/1110.htm Quantitative evaluation of fractures on Monkshood anticline, a detachment fold in the foothills of western Canada]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 81, 1110–1132.

* Jamison, W. R., 1997, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1997/07jul/1110/1110.htm Quantitative evaluation of fractures on Monkshood anticline, a detachment fold in the foothills of western Canada]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 81, 1110–1132.

* Aguilera, R., 1980, Naturally Fractured Reservoirs: Tulsa, PennWell, 703 p.  

* Aguilera, R., 1980, Naturally Fractured Reservoirs: Tulsa, PennWell, 703 p.  

* Coward, M., P., Daltaban, T., S., Johnson, H., eds., Structural Geology in Reservoir Characterization: [http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/127/1 Geological Society of London Special Publication 127], 266 p.

* Coward, M. P., T. S. Daltaban, and H. Johnson, eds., Structural Geology in Reservoir Characterization: [http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/127/1 Geological Society of London Special Publication 127], 266 p.

* Nelson, R., A., Serra, S., 1995, Vertical and lateral variations in fracture spacing in folded carbonate sections and its relation to locating horizontal wells: Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, vol. 34, p. 51–56, DOI: [https://www.onepetro.org/journal-paper/PETSOC-95-06-05 10.2118/95-06-05].

* Nelson, R. A., and S. Serra, 1995, Vertical and lateral variations in fracture spacing in folded carbonate sections and its relation to locating horizontal wells: Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, vol. 34, p. 51–56, DOI: [https://www.onepetro.org/journal-paper/PETSOC-95-06-05 10.2118/95-06-05].

* Nelson, R., A., 1985, Geologic Analysis of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs: Houston, Gulf Publishing Co., 320 p.

* Nelson, R. A., 1985, Geologic Analysis of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs: Houston, Gulf Publishing Co., 320 p.

* U., S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics, 1996, Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow: Washington, D., C., National Academy Press, 551 p.

* U.S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics, 1996, Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow: Washington, D., C., National Academy Press, 551 p.

* Wiltschko, D., V., Corbett, K., P., Friedman, M., Hung, J-H., 1991, Predicting fracture connectivity and intensity within the Austin Chalk from outcrop fracture maps and scanline data: Transactions of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, vol. 41, p. 702–718.

* Wiltschko, D. V., K. P. Corbett, M. Friedman, and J.-H. Hung, 1991, Predicting fracture connectivity and intensity within the Austin Chalk from outcrop fracture maps and scanline data: Transactions of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, vol. 41, p. 702–718.

==See also==

==See also==

 

* [[Seismic data]]

* [[Seismic data]]

* [[Tectonic modeling]]

* [[Tectonic modeling]]

* [[Balanced cross sections]]

* [[Balanced cross sections]]

* [[Dipmeter analysis]]

* [[Dipmeter]]

* [[Fault seal-conduit studies]]

* [[Fault seal-conduit studies]]

* [[Petrofabrics]]

* [[Petrofabrics]]

[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]]  

[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]]  

[[Category:Exploring for structural traps]]

[[Category:Exploring for structural traps]]