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Line 21: − {| class = "wikitable"+ − |-+ − ! Step+ − ! Action+ − |-+ − | 1+ − | Look for [[permeability]] barriers or hydrocarbon-free water levels using pressure-depth plots.+ − |-+ − | 2 − | Calculate potentiometric values for each well using the formula H<sub>w</sub> = Z + (P/grad P). (See “Calculating H<sub>w</sub> ” below) − |- − | 3 − | Make a water isopotential map with respect to oil or gas, using the formula for V, − − :<math>\mbox{V} = \left(\frac{\rho_{\rm w}}{\rho_{\rm w} - \rho_{\rm hc}}\right)\mbox{H}_{\rm w}</math> − − <break> </break> Note: Use gas density where gas is expected and oil density where oil is expected. − |- − | 4 − | Make a gas or oil isopotential contour map using the formula for U where U = V – Z. The values for Z, the subsea elevation of the target aquifer, can be determined by simply overlaying a structure contour map on the water isopotential map and subtracting (see “Example” below). − |- − | 5 − | Locate possible accumulations of hydrocarbons in hydrodynamic traps by locating the areas of low gas or oil potential. Locations should make sense in context with all other geologic data. − |} Line 62:
Line 46: − The map below shows oil in a hydrodynamic trap (shaded area). No oil could be trapped in the structure, represented by solid contours, without the aid of hydrodynamics. The bold contours with long dashes represent the isopotential of oil (labeled U<sub>0</sub>). To make U<sub>o</sub> contours, follow this procedure. − + − |-+ − ! Step+ − ! Action − |- − − | Subtract the structure of the target formation (Z) from the isopotential of water (V<sub>o</sub> ). − |- − | 2 − | Plot the remainder at the intersection of the two sets of contours. − |- − | 3 − | Draw contours of the values. − |} − [[file:formation-fluid-pressure-and-its-application_fig5-38.png|thumb|{{figure number|5-38}}. Copyright: Dahlberg, 1994; courtesy Springer-Verlag.]]+ + + − * [[Basic hydrodynamics]] + + + Line 93:
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Hydrodynamic traps: mapping (view source)
Revision as of 22:27, 17 February 2022
, 22:27, 17 February 2022added Category:Treatise Handbook 3 using HotCat
| part = Critical elements of the petroleum system
| part = Critical elements of the petroleum system
| chapter = Formation fluid pressure and its application
| chapter = Formation fluid pressure and its application
| frompg = 5-1
| frompg = 5-61
| topg = 5-64
| topg = 5-62
| author = Edward A. Beaumont, Forrest Fiedler
| author = Edward A. Beaumont, Forrest Fiedler
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch05/ch05.htm
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch05/ch05.htm
Follow the steps listed in the table below to map the location of possible hydrodynamic traps.
Follow the steps listed in the table below to map the location of possible hydrodynamic traps.
# Look for [[permeability]] barriers or hydrocarbon-free water levels using pressure-depth plots.
# Calculate potentiometric values for each well using the formula
#*<math>\text{H}_{\text{w}} = \text{Z} + \left( \frac{\text{P}} {\text{grad P}} \right)</math>
# Make a water isopotential map with respect to oil or gas, using the formula for V,
#*<math>\mbox{V} = \left(\frac{\rho_{\rm w}}{\rho_{\rm w} - \rho_{\rm hc}}\right)\mbox{H}_{\rm w}</math>
#*Note: Use gas density where gas is expected and oil density where oil is expected.
# Make a gas or oil isopotential [[contour]] map using the formula for U where U = V – Z. The values for Z, the subsea elevation of the target aquifer, can be determined by simply overlaying a structure contour map on the water isopotential map and subtracting (see “Example” below).
# Locate possible accumulations of hydrocarbons in hydrodynamic traps by locating the areas of low gas or oil potential. Locations should make sense in context with all other geologic data.
===Calculating h<sub>w</sub>===
===Calculating h<sub>w</sub>===
===Example: u<sub>0</sub> contours===
===Example: u<sub>0</sub> contours===
{| class = "wikitable"
[[file:formation-fluid-pressure-and-its-application_fig5-38.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Map showing oil in a hydrodynamic trap (shaded area). Copyright: Dahlberg;<ref name=Dahlberg1994>Dahlberg, E. C., 1994, Applied Hydrodynamics in Petroleum Exploration, 2nd ed.: New York, Springer-Verlag, 295 p</ref> courtesy Springer-Verlag.]]
The map in [[:file:formation-fluid-pressure-and-its-application_fig5-38.png|Figure 1]] shows oil in a hydrodynamic trap (shaded area). No oil could be trapped in the structure, represented by solid [[contour]]s, without the aid of [[hydrodynamics]]. The bold contours with long dashes represent the isopotential of oil (labeled U<sub>0</sub>). To make U<sub>o</sub> contours, follow this procedure.
| 1
# Subtract the structure of the target formation (Z) from the isopotential of water (V<sub>o</sub> ).
# Plot the remainder at the intersection of the two sets of contours.
# Draw contours of the values.
==See also==
==See also==
* [[Hydrodynamics]]
* [[Hydrodynamics]]
* [[Hydrodynamic influence on trapping]]
* [[Hydrodynamic influence on trapping]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
==External links==
[[Category:Critical elements of the petroleum system]]
[[Category:Critical elements of the petroleum system]]
[[Category:Formation fluid pressure and its application]]
[[Category:Formation fluid pressure and its application]]
[[Category:Treatise Handbook 3]]