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Line 54: + + − − [[File:Rock-water-reaction-formation-damage fig2.png|thumbnail|'''Figure 2.''' Critical velocity determination with pH monitoring]]
→Rate-related tests
====Rate-related tests====
====Rate-related tests====
[[File:Rock-water-reaction-formation-damage fig2.png|thumbnail|'''Figure 2.''' Critical velocity determination with pH monitoring]]
The critical interstitial velocity at which permeability reduction due to fines migration is initiated can be determined in laboratory tests. These tests simulate the effect of [[high flow rates]] that exist near the wellbores of both injection and production wells. Muecke (1979)<ref name=Muecke_1979>Muecke, T. W., 1979, Formation fines and factors controlling their movement in porous media: Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 31, p. 144-150.</ref> discusses factors controlling fines movement. These include fluids flowing, fines [[wettability]], and interfacial forces.
The critical interstitial velocity at which permeability reduction due to fines migration is initiated can be determined in laboratory tests. These tests simulate the effect of [[high flow rates]] that exist near the wellbores of both injection and production wells. Muecke (1979)<ref name=Muecke_1979>Muecke, T. W., 1979, Formation fines and factors controlling their movement in porous media: Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 31, p. 144-150.</ref> discusses factors controlling fines movement. These include fluids flowing, fines [[wettability]], and interfacial forces.
[[:Image:Rock-water-reaction-formation-damage fig2.png|Figure 2]] illustrates laboratory data that established a critical flow velocity of 0.3 cm/sec. Beyond this rate, fines were mobilized that bridged at pore throats and resulted in reduced permeability. The pH of the [[effluent]] was monitored throughout the test. The constant pH value indicated that no chemical reaction was occurring between the rock and fluid and that viscous forces were the cause of the reduced permeability.
[[:Image:Rock-water-reaction-formation-damage fig2.png|Figure 2]] illustrates laboratory data that established a critical flow velocity of 0.3 cm/sec. Beyond this rate, fines were mobilized that bridged at pore throats and resulted in reduced permeability. The pH of the [[effluent]] was monitored throughout the test. The constant pH value indicated that no chemical reaction was occurring between the rock and fluid and that viscous forces were the cause of the reduced permeability.