Difference between revisions of "Leakage mechanisms"

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{{publication
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#REDIRECT [[Trap leakage]]
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| image  = exploring-for-oil-and-gas-traps.png
 
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| width  = 120px
 
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| series  = Treatise in Petroleum Geology
 
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| title  = Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps
 
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| part    = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps
 
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| chapter = Predicting preservation and destruction of accumulations
 
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| frompg  = 11-1
 
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| topg    = 11-30
 
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| author  = Alton A. Brown
 
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| link    = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch11/ch11.htm
 
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| pdf    =
 
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| store  = http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545
 
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| isbn    = 0-89181-602-X
 
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}}
 
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Five major seal failure mechanisms form the basis for this section's discussion on seal leakage.
 
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==Seal failure mechanisms==
 
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A given seal can leak by one of several mechanisms, as defined by Watts.<ref name=ch11r38>Watts, N., L., 1987, Theoretical aspects of cap-rock and fault seals for single- and two-phase hydrocarbon columns: Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol. 4, p. 274–307., 10., 1016/0264-8172(87)90008-0</ref>
 
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{| class = "wikitable"
 
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|-
 
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! Seal Type
 
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! Seal Failure Mechanism
 
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|-
 
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| Intact membrane
 
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| [[Capillary pressure]] (created by the height of the underlying petroleum column) exceeds seal capillary displacement pressure. This seal type does not fracture during deformation.
 
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|-
 
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| Fractured membrane
 
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| Capillary pressure (created by the height of the underlying petroleum column) exceeds displacement pressure of fracture [[porosity]] in the seal.
 
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|-
 
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| Hydrofractured
 
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| Total fluid pressure ([[capillary pressure]] plus water pressure) exceeds minimum compressive stress of the seal; seal fails by natural hydraulic fracturing.
 
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|-
 
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| Micropermeability
 
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| Leakage is caused by low displacement pressures of oil-wet seals or by capillary pressure of the reservoir exceeding displacement pressure of the seal in a water-wet seal. Accumulations are preserved for geologically significant time if leakage rate is low. Rate of leakage is controlled by seal effective [[permeability]].
 
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|-
 
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| Diffusive
 
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| Gas is lost by dissolving in water and diffusing through interstitial water of the seal.
 
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|}
 
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==Comparison of mechanisms==
 
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The first three mechanisms listed in the table above have minimum pressure criteria to be exceeded before leakage occurs. Even after leakage, an economic column of petroleum may remain. The last two mechanisms can destroy an accumulation, given enough time.
 
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==See also==
 
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* [[Leakage]]
 
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* [[Intact membrane seal leakage]]
 
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* [[Fractured membrane seal leakage]]
 
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* [[Hydrofractured seal leakage]]
 
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* [[Micropermeable seal leakage]]
 
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* [[Diffusive seal leakage]]
 
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* [[Predicting overall seal failure]]
 
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==References==
 
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{{reflist}}
 
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==External links==
 
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{{search}}
 
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* [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch11/ch11.htm Original content in Datapages]
 
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* [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545 Find the book in the AAPG Store]
 
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[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]]
 
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[[Category:Predicting preservation and destruction of accumulations]]
 

Latest revision as of 18:43, 21 January 2014

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