Difference between revisions of "Seal thickness"
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| part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps | | part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps | ||
| chapter = Evaluating top and fault seal | | chapter = Evaluating top and fault seal | ||
| − | | frompg = 10- | + | | frompg = 10-80 |
| − | | topg = 10- | + | | topg = 10-80 |
| author = Grant M. Skerlec | | author = Grant M. Skerlec | ||
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch10/ch10.htm | | link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch10/ch10.htm | ||
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==How thick is necessary?== | ==How thick is necessary?== | ||
| − | There is no simple relationship between seal thickness and the height of the hydrocarbon column. Seals can be extremely thin—less than [[length::1 m]] thick that seal individual hydrocarbon | + | There is no simple relationship between [[seal]] thickness and the height of the [[hydrocarbon column]]. Seals can be extremely thin—less than [[length::1 m]] thick that seal individual hydrocarbon [[accumulation]]s. There are also examples of traps with thick shale seals that are [[dry]]. This difficulty in establishing a relationship between seal thickness and column is especially true since many hydrocarbon columns are controlled by [[fault]]-related [[spill point]]s that are independent of top seal thickness. |
==Seal thickness studies== | ==Seal thickness studies== | ||
| − | Data compiled from fields in California and the Rocky Mountains show no relationship between seal thickness and hydrocarbon column height.<ref name=ch10r98>Zieglar, D., M., 1992, Hydrocarbon columns, | + | Data compiled from fields in California and the Rocky Mountains show no relationship between seal thickness and hydrocarbon column height.<ref name=ch10r98>Zieglar, D., M., 1992, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1992-93/data/pg/0076/0004/0000/0501.htm Hydrocarbon columns, buoyancy pressures, and seal efficiency: comparisons of oil and gas accumulations in California and the Rocky Mountain area]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 76, no. 4, p. 501–508.</ref> Nonetheless, some workers have suggested a correlation between seal thickness and [[seal capacity]].<ref name=ch10r58>Nederlof, M., N., Mohler, H., P., 1981, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1980-81/data/pg/0065/0005/0950/0964c.htm Quantitative investigation of trapping effect of unfaulted caprock]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 65, no. 5, p. 964.</ref><ref name=ch10r75>Slujik, D., Nederlof, M., H., 1984, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/geochem1/data/a028/a028/0001/0000/0015.htm Worldwide geological experience as a systematic basis for prospect appraisal], in Demaison, G., Murris, R., J., eds., Petroleum Geochemistry and Basin Evaluation: AAPG Memoir 35, p. 15–26.</ref> |
==Seal continuity and fracturing== | ==Seal continuity and fracturing== | ||
| − | Seal thickness is not an independent variable. Thin seals have a higher probability of being laterally discontinuous, of being fractured completely, or of having local variations in fracture intensity or pore throat diameter that provide a leakage pathway. Similarly, thick seals have a higher probability of being laterally continuous, having fractures terminate within the seal, and having at least one shale lamina with a high displacement pressure. | + | Seal thickness is not an independent variable. Thin seals have a higher probability of being laterally discontinuous, of being [[Fracture|fractured]] completely, or of having local variations in fracture intensity or [[Pore and pore throat sizes|pore throat diameter]] that provide a leakage pathway. Similarly, thick seals have a higher probability of being laterally continuous, having fractures terminate within the seal, and having at least one shale lamina with a high [[displacement pressure]]. |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Seal capacity]] | * [[Seal capacity]] | ||
* [[Seal capacity of different rock types]] | * [[Seal capacity of different rock types]] | ||
| − | * [[ | + | * [[Seal capacity variation with depth and hydrocarbon phase]] |
* [[Seal capacity and two-phase hydrocarbon columns]] | * [[Seal capacity and two-phase hydrocarbon columns]] | ||
* [[Fault-dependent leak points, continuity, and charge]] | * [[Fault-dependent leak points, continuity, and charge]] | ||
| Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]] | [[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]] | ||
[[Category:Evaluating top and fault seal]] | [[Category:Evaluating top and fault seal]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Treatise Handbook 3]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:56, 31 March 2022
| Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps | |
| |
| Series | Treatise in Petroleum Geology |
|---|---|
| Part | Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps |
| Chapter | Evaluating top and fault seal |
| Author | Grant M. Skerlec |
| Link | Web page |
| Store | AAPG Store |
How thick is necessary?
There is no simple relationship between seal thickness and the height of the hydrocarbon column. Seals can be extremely thin—less than length::1 m thick that seal individual hydrocarbon accumulations. There are also examples of traps with thick shale seals that are dry. This difficulty in establishing a relationship between seal thickness and column is especially true since many hydrocarbon columns are controlled by fault-related spill points that are independent of top seal thickness.
Seal thickness studies
Data compiled from fields in California and the Rocky Mountains show no relationship between seal thickness and hydrocarbon column height.[1] Nonetheless, some workers have suggested a correlation between seal thickness and seal capacity.[2][3]
Seal continuity and fracturing
Seal thickness is not an independent variable. Thin seals have a higher probability of being laterally discontinuous, of being fractured completely, or of having local variations in fracture intensity or pore throat diameter that provide a leakage pathway. Similarly, thick seals have a higher probability of being laterally continuous, having fractures terminate within the seal, and having at least one shale lamina with a high displacement pressure.
See also
- Seal capacity
- Seal capacity of different rock types
- Seal capacity variation with depth and hydrocarbon phase
- Seal capacity and two-phase hydrocarbon columns
- Fault-dependent leak points, continuity, and charge
References
- ↑ Zieglar, D., M., 1992, Hydrocarbon columns, buoyancy pressures, and seal efficiency: comparisons of oil and gas accumulations in California and the Rocky Mountain area: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 76, no. 4, p. 501–508.
- ↑ Nederlof, M., N., Mohler, H., P., 1981, Quantitative investigation of trapping effect of unfaulted caprock: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 65, no. 5, p. 964.
- ↑ Slujik, D., Nederlof, M., H., 1984, Worldwide geological experience as a systematic basis for prospect appraisal, in Demaison, G., Murris, R., J., eds., Petroleum Geochemistry and Basin Evaluation: AAPG Memoir 35, p. 15–26.
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