Changes

==Graphic correlation==

==Graphic correlation==

Graphic correlation<ref name=ch17r79>Shaw, A., B., 1964, Time in Stratigraphy: New York, McGraw-Hill, 365 p.</ref> is a widely accepted deterministic technique for ranking fossil occurrences according to the geological time represented in a set of reference sections. This approach has broad applications to solving biostratigraphic and sedimentologic problems (see Mann & Lane<ref name=ch17r61>Mann, K., O., Lane, H., R., eds., 1995, Graphic Correlation: SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Special Publication 53, 263 p.</ref>).

Graphic correlation<ref name=ch17r79>Shaw, A., B., 1964, Time in Stratigraphy: New York, McGraw-Hill, 365 p.</ref> is a widely accepted deterministic technique for ranking fossil occurrences according to the geological time represented in a set of reference sections. This approach has broad applications to solving biostratigraphic and sedimentologic problems (see Mann & Lane<ref name=ch17r61>Mann, K., O., Lane, H., R., eds., 1995, Graphic Correlation: SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Special Publication 53, 263 p.</ref>).

The format for a graphic correlation is an x–y crossplot on which biostratigraphic data (tops, bases, abundance/diversity events) recorded by measured stratigraphic position in one section (y-axis) may be matched to like occurrences in another section or a composite standard (x-axis; see Figure 17-27). Based on the array of data points, a preferred overall correlation can be defined by one or more line segments. Points falling on the line(s) of correlation are interpreted to be synchronous markers; those off the line(s), diachronous.

The format for a graphic correlation is an x–y crossplot on which biostratigraphic data (tops, bases, abundance/diversity events) recorded by measured stratigraphic position in one section (y-axis) may be matched to like occurrences in another section or a composite standard (x-axis; see Figure 17-27). Based on the array of data points, a preferred overall correlation can be defined by one or more line segments. Points falling on the line(s) of correlation are interpreted to be synchronous markers; those off the line(s), diachronous.

The illustration below shows a graphic correlation of two sections.

[[:file:applied-paleontology_fig17-27.png|Figure 1]] shows a graphic correlation of two sections.

[[file:applied-paleontology_fig17-27.png|thumb|{{figure number|17-27}}See text for explanation.]]

[[file:applied-paleontology_fig17-28.png|thumb|{{figure number|2}}See text for explanation.]]

==Composite standards==

==Composite standards==

As applied to geologic interpretation, a composite standard (1) unifies biostratigraphic data into a high-resolution time correlation framework and (2) provides a quantitative basis for defining the time significance of faults, unconformities, and other sequence stratigraphic boundaries.

As applied to geologic interpretation, a composite standard (1) unifies biostratigraphic data into a high-resolution time correlation framework and (2) provides a quantitative basis for defining the time significance of faults, unconformities, and other sequence stratigraphic boundaries.

[[:file:applied-paleontology_fig17-28.png|Figure 2]] is a graphic correlation interpretation of well data (tops only).

 

[[file:applied-paleontology_fig17-28.png|thumb|{{figure number|17-28}}See text for explanation.]]

==Probabilistic correlations==

==Probabilistic correlations==