Changes

==Paleoenviron-mental trends==

==Paleoenviron-mental trends==

In addition to seismic, lithofacies, and well log signatures<ref name=ch17r92 /> sequence stratigraphic surfaces and systems tracts can be recognized from paleoenvironmental trends evident from several types of paleontologic analyses:

In addition to seismic, lithofacies, and well log signatures<ref name=ch17r92 /> sequence stratigraphic surfaces and systems tracts can be recognized from paleoenvironmental trends evident from several types of paleontologic analyses:

* '''Climatic cycles'''—fluctuations of warm- and cold-water indicators in marine environments [e.g., calcareous nannofossils<ref name=ch17r78>Shaffer, B., L., 1987, The potential of calcareous nannofossils for recognizing Plio–Pleistocene climatic cycles and sequence boundaries on the shelf, in Innovative Biostratigraphic Approaches To Sequence Analysis: New Exploration Opportunities: Selected Papers and Illustrated Abstracts of the Eighth Annual Research conference of the Gulf Coast Section of the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Foundation, p. 142–145.</ref> or planktonic foraminifera<ref name=ch17r63>Martin, R., E., Neff, E., D., Johnson, G., W., Krantz, D., E., 1993, Biostratigraphic expression of Pleistocene sequence boundaries, Gulf of Mexico: Palaios, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 155–171., 10., 2307/3515169</ref>] may reflect sea level changes during periods of glacio-eustasy. Variations in arid vs. wet climates reflected in land-based flora (e.g., palynomorphs) or lacustrine fauna (e.g., ostracodes) help identify climatic changes that control the development of stratigraphic sequences.

* '''Climatic cycles'''—fluctuations of warm- and cold-water indicators in marine environments [e.g., calcareous nannofossils<ref name=ch17r78>Shaffer, B., L., 1987, The potential of calcareous nannofossils for recognizing Plio–Pleistocene climatic cycles and sequence boundaries on the shelf, in Innovative Biostratigraphic Approaches To Sequence Analysis: New Exploration Opportunities: Selected Papers and Illustrated Abstracts of the Eighth Annual Research conference of the Gulf Coast Section of the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Foundation, p. 142–145.</ref> or planktonic foraminifera<ref name=ch17r63>Martin, R., E., Neff, E., D., Johnson, G., W., Krantz, D., E., 1993, Biostratigraphic expression of Pleistocene sequence boundaries, Gulf of Mexico: Palaios, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 155–171., 10., 2307/3515169</ref>] may reflect sea level changes during periods of glacio-eustasy. Variations in arid vs. wet climates reflected in land-based flora (e.g., palynomorphs) or lacustrine fauna (e.g., ostracodes) help identify climatic changes that control the development of stratigraphic sequences.

The figure below illustrates the utility of variations in palynological assemblages, reflecting differing paleoenvironmental settings, when differentiating and identifying systems tracts.

[[:file:applied-paleontology_fig17-25.png|Figure 3]] illustrates the utility of variations in palynological assemblages, reflecting differing paleoenvironmental settings, when differentiating and identifying systems tracts.

 

==Maximum flooding surfaces and condensed sections==

==Maximum flooding surfaces and condensed sections==