− | The following figure illustrates the effect of capillary properties on oil-water contacts. Decreasing pore throat radius, represented by three capillary tubes of decreasing diameter (left), creates a higher OWC within the reservoir. If the pore throat is large (low P<sub>d</sub>), the OWC coincides with the free water level. If the pore throat is small (high P<sub>d</sub>), the OWC is higher than the free water level. In a reservoir with a lateral facies change, a fault can be cross leaking but still separate sands with different hydrocarbon contacts (right).
| + | [[:file:evaluating-top-and-fault-seal_fig10-3.png|Figure 3]] illustrates the effect of capillary properties on oil-water contacts. Decreasing pore throat radius, represented by three capillary tubes of decreasing diameter (left), creates a higher OWC within the reservoir. If the pore throat is large (low P<sub>d</sub>), the OWC coincides with the free water level. If the pore throat is small (high P<sub>d</sub>), the OWC is higher than the free water level. In a reservoir with a lateral facies change, a fault can be cross leaking but still separate sands with different hydrocarbon contacts (right). |
| Cross leakage commonly creates fault-dependent leak points limiting the percent.<ref name=ch10r76>Smith, D., A., 1966, Theoretical considerations of sealing and non-sealing faults: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 50, no. 2, p. 363–374.</ref><ref name=ch10r77>Smith, D., A., 1980, Sealing and non-sealing faults in the Gulf Coast Salt basin: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 64, no. 2, p. 145–172.</ref><ref name=ch10r2>Allan, U., S., 1989, Model for hydrocarbon [[migration]] and entrapment within faulted structures: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 72, no. 7, p. 803–811.</ref><ref name=ch10r35>Hardman, R., F., P., Booth, J., E., 1989, Structural interpretation of hydrocarbon traps sealed by basement normal fault block faults at stable flank of foredeep basins and at rift basins: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 73, no. 7, p. 813–840.</ref> One type of fault-dependent leak point is illustrated in the following figure. The coincidence of the hydrocarbon contact with the top of the sand juxtaposed across the fault is a juxtaposed lithology leak point (JLLP). Hydrocarbons are trapped only where there is sand/sand juxtaposition along the fault. Hydrocarbons leak across the sand/sand juxtapositions. | | Cross leakage commonly creates fault-dependent leak points limiting the percent.<ref name=ch10r76>Smith, D., A., 1966, Theoretical considerations of sealing and non-sealing faults: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 50, no. 2, p. 363–374.</ref><ref name=ch10r77>Smith, D., A., 1980, Sealing and non-sealing faults in the Gulf Coast Salt basin: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 64, no. 2, p. 145–172.</ref><ref name=ch10r2>Allan, U., S., 1989, Model for hydrocarbon [[migration]] and entrapment within faulted structures: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 72, no. 7, p. 803–811.</ref><ref name=ch10r35>Hardman, R., F., P., Booth, J., E., 1989, Structural interpretation of hydrocarbon traps sealed by basement normal fault block faults at stable flank of foredeep basins and at rift basins: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 73, no. 7, p. 813–840.</ref> One type of fault-dependent leak point is illustrated in the following figure. The coincidence of the hydrocarbon contact with the top of the sand juxtaposed across the fault is a juxtaposed lithology leak point (JLLP). Hydrocarbons are trapped only where there is sand/sand juxtaposition along the fault. Hydrocarbons leak across the sand/sand juxtapositions. |