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[[file:Land rig example drawing.png|left|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Components of a typical land rig: (1) crown block, (2) mast, (3) monkey board, (4) traveling block, (5) hook, (6) swivel, (7) elevators, (8) kelly, (9) kelly bushing, (10) master bushing, (11) mouse hole, (12) rathole, (13) backup tongs, (14) makeup tongs, (15) drawworks, (16) weight indicator, (17) driller's console, (18) dog house, (19) rotary hose, (20) accumulator unit, (21) pipe ramp, (22) pipe rack, (23) substructure, (24) mud return line, (25) shale shaker, (26) choke manifold, (27) mud-gas separator, (28) degasser, (29) reserve pit, (30) mud pits, (31) desilter, (32) desander, (33) centrifuge, (34) mud pumps, (35) dry mud components storage, (36) water storage, (37) engines and generators, and (38) blowout preventer stack. (From IHRDC.)]]

[[file:Land rig example drawing.png|left|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Components of a typical land rig: (1) crown block, (2) mast, (3) monkey board, (4) traveling block, (5) hook, (6) swivel, (7) elevators, (8) kelly, (9) kelly bushing, (10) master bushing, (11) mouse hole, (12) rathole, (13) backup tongs, (14) makeup tongs, (15) drawworks, (16) weight indicator, (17) driller's console, (18) dog house, (19) rotary hose, (20) accumulator unit, (21) pipe ramp, (22) pipe rack, (23) substructure, (24) mud return line, (25) shale shaker, (26) choke manifold, (27) mud-gas separator, (28) degasser, (29) reserve pit, (30) mud pits, (31) desilter, (32) desander, (33) centrifuge, (34) mud pumps, (35) dry mud components storage, (36) water storage, (37) engines and generators, and (38) blowout preventer stack. (From IHRDC.)]]

Power is provided to the rig by diesel engines, diesel-electric engines, or in some cases, butane engines. Power is transferred from the engines to the different rig systems by belts, chains, and drive shafts on a mechanical rig, or by generated DC electrical power on an electric rig. Power is distributed to the [[rotary table]] and mud pumps (34 in [[:file:Land rig example drawing.png|Figure 1]]) while drilling and to the drawworks (15) when [[trip]]ping.

Power is provided to the rig by diesel engines, diesel-electric engines, or in some cases, butane engines. Power is transferred from the engines to the different rig systems by belts, chains, and drive shafts on a mechanical rig, or by generated DC electrical power on an electric rig. Power is distributed to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_table_(drilling_rig) rotary table] and mud pumps (34 in [[:file:Land rig example drawing.png|Figure 1]]) while drilling and to the drawworks (15) when [[trip]]ping.

==Rotating system==

==Rotating system==

The rotating system consists of the [[rotary table]] and the ''[[drill stem]]'' (kelly [8 in [[:file:Land rig example drawing.png|Figure 1]]], [[drill string]], and [[bit]]). The ''rotary table'' is a square hole in the derrick floor with a [[rotary bushing]] that is used to turn the ''kelly bushing''(9) and kelly. The ''kelly'' is a square or hexagonal length of pipe that is screwed on the drill pipe and used to convey the rotary movement to the drill string and bit. The ''drill string'' refers to the combination of drill pipe, collars, and other bottom hole assembly components. (For more information on bottom hole assemblies, see [[Wellbore trajectory]].) Attached to the end of the drill collars is the ''bit''. The bit does the actual grinding or cutting of the rock. The style of bit used is dependent on the rock type and drilling conditions. Common [[bit type]]s include drag, tri-cone, insert, PDC, and diamond.

The rotating system consists of the [[rotary table]] and the ''[[drill stem]]'' (kelly [8 in [[:file:Land rig example drawing.png|Figure 1]]], [[drill string]], and [[bit]]). The ''rotary table'' is a square hole in the derrick floor with a [[rotary bushing]] that is used to turn the ''kelly bushing'' (9) and kelly. The ''kelly'' is a square or hexagonal length of pipe that is screwed on the drill pipe and used to convey the rotary movement to the drill string and bit. The ''drill string'' refers to the combination of drill pipe, collars, and other bottom hole assembly components. (For more information on bottom hole assemblies, see [[Wellbore trajectory]].) Attached to the end of the drill collars is the ''bit''. The bit does the actual grinding or cutting of the rock. The style of bit used is dependent on the rock type and drilling conditions. Common [[bit type]]s include drag, tri-cone, insert, PDC, and diamond.

The hole is drilled by adding joints or lengths of drill pipe to the end of the kelly. When pipe is added, the hoisting system is used to pick up the kelly so that it hangs from the derrick above the rotary table. ''Tongs'' (large pipe wrenches)(13 and 14) or chains are used to unscrew the kelly from the previous joint of pipe. The kelly is then screwed into a new joint of pipe that has been temporarily stored in the ''mouse hole''(11), a cased opening in the rig floor. The kelly and the new joint of pipe are then screwed on the previous pipe and lowered into the hole so that drilling can resume. When all of the pipe is pulled out of the hole, it is referred to as a ''trip''. Pulling out part of the drill string, then returning to drilling, is called a ''short'' or ''wiper trip''. Such trips are performed to verify that the drill string can move through a recently drilled potentially troublesome section of the borehole.

The hole is drilled by adding joints or lengths of drill pipe to the end of the kelly. When pipe is added, the hoisting system is used to pick up the kelly so that it hangs from the derrick above the rotary table. ''Tongs'' (large pipe wrenches) (13 and 14) or chains are used to unscrew the kelly from the previous joint of pipe. The kelly is then screwed into a new joint of pipe that has been temporarily stored in the ''mouse hole'' (11), a cased opening in the rig floor. The kelly and the new joint of pipe are then screwed on the previous pipe and lowered into the hole so that drilling can resume. When all of the pipe is pulled out of the hole, it is referred to as a ''trip''. Pulling out part of the drill string, then returning to drilling, is called a ''short'' or ''wiper trip''. Such trips are performed to verify that the drill string can move through a recently drilled potentially troublesome section of the borehole.

==Hoisting system==

==Hoisting system==

The hoisting system includes the parts of the rig that are used to raise the [[drill stem]]. The hoisting gear parts include the drawworks (15 in [[:file:Land rig example drawing.png|Figure 1]]), crown block(1), and traveling block (4). The ''drawworks'' is a large winch on which the [[drill line]] spools. The ''drill line'' is wire rope that is strung between the ''crown block'' (a pulley located at the top of the derrick), the traveling block, and the drawworks. The drill line can be strung in multiples for a total of of 4,6, 8, 10, or 12 lines. More lines means more lifting capacity but a slower running speed. The drill line needs to be “cut and slipped” at periodic ton-miles to distribute the line wear and stress. A weight indicator (16) is attached to the drill line so that the driller can measure the [[drill string weight|drill string]], [[slack-off weight|slack-off]], and [[pick-up weight]]s. This information helps determine the amount of [[hole friction]] and the correct amount of weight to put on the bit. The drawworks also transfers power to make up and break out the drill string via the tongs (13 and 14).

The hoisting system includes the parts of the rig that are used to raise the [[drill stem]]. The hoisting gear parts include the drawworks (15 in [[:file:Land rig example drawing.png|Figure 1]]), crown block (1), and traveling block (4). The ''drawworks'' is a large winch on which the [[drill line]] spools. The ''drill line'' is wire rope that is strung between the ''crown block'' (a pulley located at the top of the derrick), the traveling block, and the drawworks. The drill line can be strung in multiples for a total of of 4,6, 8, 10, or 12 lines. More lines means more lifting capacity but a slower running speed. The drill line needs to be “cut and slipped” at periodic ton-miles to distribute the line wear and stress. A weight indicator (16) is attached to the drill line so that the driller can measure the [[drill string weight|drill string]], [[slack-off weight|slack-off]], and [[pick-up weight]]s. This information helps determine the amount of [[hole friction]] and the correct amount of weight to put on the bit. The drawworks also transfers power to make up and break out the drill string via the tongs (13 and 14).

The ''[[derrick]]'' supports the crown block and provides a place to stack pipe that is pulled out of the hole. The depth rating of the derrick is related to the size of the rig. The height of the derrick is commonly referred to in multiples of pipe joints (a joint of pipe is approximately 30 ft long). Rigs that can stack double joints of drill pipe are called ''double derricks'', and those that stack three joints are called ''treble derricks''. Part way up the derrick are the ''monkey board'' (3) and ''[[pipe finger]]s''. The derrickman handles the top end of each stand of pipe from the monkey board during trips. The pipe is racked in the finger boards and tied off to keep it from falling. The derrick ''substructure'' (23), the platform under the derrick, is rated by set back capacity; that is, the weight of the drill string stacked in the derrick plus the weight of [[casing]] that can be lifted. The height of the substructure is dictated by the height of the [http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms/b/blowout_preventer.aspx blowout preventers] (38). The top of the substructure is called the ''[[derrick floor]]''. This is the primary working area of the rig.

The ''[[derrick]]'' supports the crown block and provides a place to stack pipe that is pulled out of the hole. The depth rating of the derrick is related to the size of the rig. The height of the derrick is commonly referred to in multiples of pipe joints (a joint of pipe is approximately 30 ft long). Rigs that can stack double joints of drill pipe are called ''double derricks'', and those that stack three joints are called ''treble derricks''. Part way up the derrick are the ''monkey board'' (3) and ''[[pipe finger]]s''. The derrickman handles the top end of each stand of pipe from the monkey board during trips. The pipe is racked in the finger boards and tied off to keep it from falling. The derrick ''substructure'' (23), the platform under the derrick, is rated by set back capacity; that is, the weight of the drill string stacked in the derrick plus the weight of [[casing]] that can be lifted. The height of the substructure is dictated by the height of the [http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms/b/blowout_preventer.aspx blowout preventers] (38). The top of the substructure is called the ''[[derrick floor]]''. This is the primary working area of the rig.