Changes

The basic correlation techniques in common use include marker and sequence analysis and, where continuity is very limited, slice techniques.<ref name=pt06r18>Cant, D. J., 1984, Subsurface facies analysis, in Walker, R. G., ed., Facies Models: Geoscience Canada, Reprint Series 1, p. 297–319.</ref> Correlation of diagenetic zones is most accurate when the origins and timings of the diagenetic events creating the components of interest are well understood, the sample and well spacing are relatively small, the diagenetic zones are relatively thick, and the sequence of zones is unique.

The basic correlation techniques in common use include marker and sequence analysis and, where continuity is very limited, slice techniques.<ref name=pt06r18>Cant, D. J., 1984, Subsurface facies analysis, in Walker, R. G., ed., Facies Models: Geoscience Canada, Reprint Series 1, p. 297–319.</ref> Correlation of diagenetic zones is most accurate when the origins and timings of the diagenetic events creating the components of interest are well understood, the sample and well spacing are relatively small, the diagenetic zones are relatively thick, and the sequence of zones is unique.

The distribution of reservoir fluids or pressures at the time of discovery of the reservoir, or at subsequent intervals during field development, may indicate the presence of continuous permeability barriers and thus may help to confirm the extent of some diagenetic zones. When the basic correlation techniques prove unsatisfactory or inadequate due to a high degree of complexity or low degree of confidence, the geologist may need to resort to special engineering techniques such as pulse testing (Pierce, 1977) or tracer studies (Wagner, 1977) (Table 4), or to probabilistic modeling (Hewett and Behrens, 1988) (see Part 8).

The distribution of reservoir fluids or pressures at the time of discovery of the reservoir, or at subsequent intervals during field development, may indicate the presence of continuous permeability barriers and thus may help to confirm the extent of some diagenetic zones. When the basic correlation techniques prove unsatisfactory or inadequate due to a high degree of complexity or low degree of confidence, the geologist may need to resort to special engineering techniques such as pulse testing <ref name=Pierce_1977>Pierce, A. E., 1977, Case history: Waterflood performance predicted by pulse testing, Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 29, p. 914-918.</ref> or tracer studies <ref name=Wagner_1977>Wagner, O. R., 1977, The use of tracers in diagnosing interwell reservoir heterogeneities: Field results, Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 29, p. 1410-1416.</ref> (Table 4), or to probabilistic modeling <ref name=Hewett and Behrens_1988>Hewett, T. A., and R. A. Behrens, 1988, Conditional simulation of reservoir heterogeneity with fractals, 63rd Annual SPE Technical Conference Proceedings, p. 645-660, SPE #18326.</ref> (see [[Integrated computer methods]]).

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Preparation of contour maps for pertinent diagenetic components may assist in the evaluation of zone continuity (see “[[Subsurface maps]]”). However, the merging of data from more than one diagenetic zone may lead to misinterpretations of the degree of continuity present. Contour maps should always be interpreted in combination with detailed correlation cross sections. Preparation of three-dimensional “spectragrams” may be helpful in visual correlation studies.

Preparation of contour maps for pertinent diagenetic components may assist in the evaluation of zone continuity (see [[Subsurface maps]]). However, the merging of data from more than one diagenetic zone may lead to misinterpretations of the degree of continuity present. Contour maps should always be interpreted in combination with detailed correlation cross sections. Preparation of three-dimensional “spectragrams” may be helpful in visual correlation studies.

===Stage 4. Preparation of an integrated geological model===

===Stage 4. Preparation of an integrated geological model===