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Line 16: − − [[file:production-logging_fig1.png|left|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Temperature survey showing two gas entries and the geothermal gradient.]] Line 30:
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→Production logs
==Production logs==
==Production logs==
The main applications of the production logs include
The main applications of the production logs include
===Flow detection in and around pipe===
===Flow detection in and around pipe===
<gallery mode=packed heights=200px widths=200px>
production-logging_fig1.png|{{figure number|1}}Temperature survey showing two gas entries and the geothermal gradient.
production-logging_fig2.png|{{figure number|2}}Noise log responses to fluid movement downhole.
production-logging_fig3.png|{{figure number|3}}Tracer velocity shot technique and injection profile.
</gallery>
Temperature surveys are the most common surveys to locate fluid movement downhole. Small entries and even flow in channels behind pipe can be detected. Generally, if a well is not flowing, the temperature of the fluid in the borehole will eventually approach the formation temperature, called the ''geothermal gradient''. When a well is produced, formation fluids enter the borehole and move uphole. Gasses typically cool when entering the borehole while liquids do not. In either case, their movement uphole is easily detected by deviations of the borehole temperature from the geothermal gradient. [[:file:production-logging_fig1.png|Figure 1]] illustrates a typical temperature survey response to two gas entries into a well.
Temperature surveys are the most common surveys to locate fluid movement downhole. Small entries and even flow in channels behind pipe can be detected. Generally, if a well is not flowing, the temperature of the fluid in the borehole will eventually approach the formation temperature, called the ''geothermal gradient''. When a well is produced, formation fluids enter the borehole and move uphole. Gasses typically cool when entering the borehole while liquids do not. In either case, their movement uphole is easily detected by deviations of the borehole temperature from the geothermal gradient. [[:file:production-logging_fig1.png|Figure 1]] illustrates a typical temperature survey response to two gas entries into a well.
Radioactive tracer surveys use a tool composed of an ejector capable of ejecting shots of radioactive tracer material into the flow stream, usually of an injection well. Such an instrument has either one or two [[Basic open hole tools#Gamma ray|gamma]] ray detectors spaced below the ejector. By various techniques, the operator chases the ejected radioactive material as it moves with the injected fluid. By noting the position, time, and size of the tracer signal, an accurate overview of the injection profile can be established. Special techniques are also available to detect injected fluid channeling through the cement to undesirable zones. A schematic diagram of a tracer tool is shown in [[:file:production-logging_fig3.png|Figure 3]].
Radioactive tracer surveys use a tool composed of an ejector capable of ejecting shots of radioactive tracer material into the flow stream, usually of an injection well. Such an instrument has either one or two [[Basic open hole tools#Gamma ray|gamma]] ray detectors spaced below the ejector. By various techniques, the operator chases the ejected radioactive material as it moves with the injected fluid. By noting the position, time, and size of the tracer signal, an accurate overview of the injection profile can be established. Special techniques are also available to detect injected fluid channeling through the cement to undesirable zones. A schematic diagram of a tracer tool is shown in [[:file:production-logging_fig3.png|Figure 3]].
===Quantitative flow evaluation===
[[file:production-logging_fig4.png|thumb|{{figure number|4}}Two types of flowmeters, (a) Full bore flowmeter, (b) Diverting basket type flowmeter.]]
[[file:production-logging_fig4.png|thumb|{{figure number|4}}Two types of flowmeters, (a) Full bore flowmeter, (b) Diverting basket type flowmeter.]]
[[file:production-logging_fig5.png|left|thumb|{{figure number|5}}Row profile in a producing well.]]
[[file:production-logging_fig5.png|left|thumb|{{figure number|5}}Row profile in a producing well.]]