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Line 21: − [[file:Land rig example drawing.png|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Components of a typical land rig: (1) crown block, (2) mast, (3) monkey board, (4) traveling block, (5) hook, (6) swivel, (7) elevators, (8) kelly, (9) kelly bushing, (10) master bushing, (11) mouse hole, (12) rathole, (13) backup tongs, (14) makeup tongs, (15) drawworks, (16) weight indicator, (17) driller's console, (18) dog house, (19) rotary hose, (20) accumulator unit, (21) pipe ramp, (22) pipe rack, (23) substructure, (24) mud return line, (25) shale shaker, (26) choke manifold, (27) mud-gas separator, (28) degasser, (29) reserve pit, (30) mud pits, (31) desilter, (32) desander, (33) centrifuge, (34) mud pumps, (35) dry mud components storage, (36) water storage, (37) engines and generators, and (38) blowout preventer stack. (From IHRDC.)]]+ − ==Power system==+ Line 40:
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Line 47: − + − − [[file:land-rigs_fig2.png|thumb|{{figure number|2}}Circulating system of a rig. (From <ref name=pt03r50>Whittaker, A., ed., 1985, Field geologists training guide: Boston, MA, IHRDC, 291 p.</ref>.)]]
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| isbn = 0891816607
| isbn = 0891816607
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The parts of the rig can be grouped into five systems (Figure 1):
The parts of the rig can be grouped into five systems ([[:file:Land rig example drawing.png|Figure 1]]):
* Power
* Power
* Control and measurement
* Control and measurement
==Power system==
[[file:Land rig example drawing.png|left|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Components of a typical land rig: (1) crown block, (2) mast, (3) monkey board, (4) traveling block, (5) hook, (6) swivel, (7) elevators, (8) kelly, (9) kelly bushing, (10) master bushing, (11) mouse hole, (12) rathole, (13) backup tongs, (14) makeup tongs, (15) drawworks, (16) weight indicator, (17) driller's console, (18) dog house, (19) rotary hose, (20) accumulator unit, (21) pipe ramp, (22) pipe rack, (23) substructure, (24) mud return line, (25) shale shaker, (26) choke manifold, (27) mud-gas separator, (28) degasser, (29) reserve pit, (30) mud pits, (31) desilter, (32) desander, (33) centrifuge, (34) mud pumps, (35) dry mud components storage, (36) water storage, (37) engines and generators, and (38) blowout preventer stack. (From IHRDC.)]]
Power is provided to the rig by diesel engines, diesel-electric engines, or in some cases, butane engines. Power is transferred from the engines to the different rig systems by belts, chains, and drive shafts on a mechanical rig, or by generated DC electrical power on an electric rig. Power is distributed to the rotary table and mud pumps while drilling and to the drawworks when tripping.
Power is provided to the rig by diesel engines, diesel-electric engines, or in some cases, butane engines. Power is transferred from the engines to the different rig systems by belts, chains, and drive shafts on a mechanical rig, or by generated DC electrical power on an electric rig. Power is distributed to the rotary table and mud pumps while drilling and to the drawworks when tripping.
The ''catwalk'' is the deck located to the side of the derrick floor and between the pipe racks. Joints of drill pipe and casing are rolled from the pipe racks where they are stored on the catwalk and hoisted up through the slide and V-door. The catwalk is also the primary location to process core and assemble wireline logging tools.
The ''catwalk'' is the deck located to the side of the derrick floor and between the pipe racks. Joints of drill pipe and casing are rolled from the pipe racks where they are stored on the catwalk and hoisted up through the slide and V-door. The catwalk is also the primary location to process core and assemble wireline logging tools.
[[file:land-rigs_fig2.png|thumb|{{figure number|2}}Circulating system of a rig. (From <ref name=pt03r50>Whittaker, A., ed., 1985, Field geologists training guide: Boston, MA, IHRDC, 291 p.</ref>.)]]
==Circulating system==
==Circulating system==
Circulation of [[drilling fluid]] (mud) serves several functions on a rig, including cooling the bit, providing hole stability, and aiding in formation evaluation. (For more information on drilling fluid, see [[Drilling fluid]], and for more on how the circulating system aids in formation evaluation, see [[Mudlogging: drill cuttings analysis]].)
Circulation of [[drilling fluid]] (mud) serves several functions on a rig, including cooling the bit, providing hole stability, and aiding in formation evaluation. (For more information on drilling fluid, see [[Drilling fluid]], and for more on how the circulating system aids in formation evaluation, see [[Mudlogging: drill cuttings analysis]].)
[[Drilling fluid]] is circulated by the mud pumps. The volume of mud being pumped is measured by the stroke counters, and the rate of movement is recorded by the stand pipe pressure. The stand pipe connects the mud pumps to the kelly hose. The kelly hose is connected to the swivel on top of the kelly. Mud is pumped down the drill string through the bit and up the ''annulus'' or “back side” (the space between the drill pipe and the borehole). Returning mud flows down the flowline into a ''surge tank'' (possum belly) and across the shale shakers. ''Shale shakers'' are vibrating screening devices that are designed to shake so as to separate out the drill cuttings from the mud. The shale shakers are the first place that drill cuttings can be examined and where the gas is extracted from the mud (Figure 2). After going through the shake shakers the mud passes through a series of tanks or pits where the finer solids are removed via desanders, desilters and centrifuges, and the mud properties are adjusted. Pits are named for their function (e.g., shale pit, settling pit, volume pit, mixing pit, and suction pit). The mud pumps are charged from the suction pit. Excess mud can also be diverted from the metal mud pits into a large, plastic lined reserve pit located to the side of the rig.
[[Drilling fluid]] is circulated by the mud pumps. The volume of mud being pumped is measured by the stroke counters, and the rate of movement is recorded by the stand pipe pressure. The stand pipe connects the mud pumps to the kelly hose. The kelly hose is connected to the swivel on top of the kelly. Mud is pumped down the drill string through the bit and up the ''annulus'' or “back side” (the space between the drill pipe and the borehole). Returning mud flows down the flowline into a ''surge tank'' (possum belly) and across the shale shakers. ''Shale shakers'' are vibrating screening devices that are designed to shake so as to separate out the drill cuttings from the mud. The shale shakers are the first place that drill cuttings can be examined and where the gas is extracted from the mud ([[:file:land-rigs_fig2.png|Figure 2]]). After going through the shake shakers the mud passes through a series of tanks or pits where the finer solids are removed via desanders, desilters and centrifuges, and the mud properties are adjusted. Pits are named for their function (e.g., shale pit, settling pit, volume pit, mixing pit, and suction pit). The mud pumps are charged from the suction pit. Excess mud can also be diverted from the metal mud pits into a large, plastic lined reserve pit located to the side of the rig.
==Control and measurement system==
==Control and measurement system==