Changes

===Mining Engineering===

===Mining Engineering===

[[File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Tayyib-Figure22.png|thumb|400px|{{Figure number|22}}Orientation of major horizontal stresses in South Africa helps in the design and analyses of new mining areas (from Stacey and Wesseloo<ref>Stacey, T., and J. Wesseloo, 1998, In situ stresses in mining areas in South Africa: South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 98, p. 365-368.</ref>).]]

[[File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Tayyib-Figure22.png|thumb|400px|{{Figure number|22}}Orientation of major horizontal stresses in South Africa helps in the design and analyses of new mining areas (from Stacey and Wesseloo<ref name=SW1998>Stacey, T., and J. Wesseloo, 1998, In situ stresses in mining areas in South Africa: South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 98, p. 365-368.</ref>).]]

====Wellbore Stability Analysis (Safety of Mining Operations)====

====Wellbore Stability Analysis (Safety of Mining Operations)====

In-situ stress measurements taken from different mining and civil engineering projects in South Africa, were compiled in a database to provide a useful source for realistic design and layout analysis of new mining areas (Stacey, 1998). Figure 17 shows the orientations of the horizontal stresses in South Africa. Optimizing the in-situ stress distribution and concentration in the rock by optimizing the wellbore stability is important for the safety of mining operations.

In-situ stress measurements taken from different mining and civil engineering projects in South Africa, were compiled in a database to provide a useful source for realistic design and layout analysis of new mining areas<ref name=SW1998 />. [[:File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Tayyib-Figure17.png|Figure 17]] shows the orientations of the horizontal stresses in South Africa. Optimizing the in-situ stress distribution and concentration in the rock by optimizing the wellbore stability is important for the safety of mining operations.

====Geology/Geophysics (Earthquake Prediction)====

====Geology/Geophysics (Earthquake Prediction)====