Changes

Up to 8 petroleum systems and 32 plays have been defined in the basin.<ref name=Duttonetal_2005 /><ref name=Jarvie_2018>Jarvie, D.M., 2018. Petroleum systems in the Permian Basin: Targeting optimum oil production.</ref> The Guadalupian petroleum systems (Upper Permian, [[:file:GiacomoneEtAlFigure7.jpg|Figure 7]]) holds the major bulk of reserves with a cumulative production of 16 Bbbls of cumulative oil as of 2005 with main plays associated with shallow water carbonates and deep-water sandstones on stratigraphic traps.<ref name=Duttonetal_2005 /> Although this system holds the largest production, it is the Wolfcamp Shale that has lately drawn attention, arising as a prospective unconventional play revitalizing the basin. The Wolfcampian-age organic-rich shale formation extends over all three sub-basins in the Permian Basin.<ref name=Eia_2018 /> Hydrocarbon resources exceed 19 Bbbls of oil, 16 TCF of natural gas, and 1.6 billion barrels of natural gas liquids (NGL), making it one of the largest hydrocarbon plays in the country as of October 2018. TOC content ranges from less than 2% up to 8% and kerogen is mostly type II with a type III contribution.<ref name=Guptaetal_2017>Gupta, I., Rai, C., Sondergeld, C. and Devegowda, D., 2017, June. Rock typing in Wolfcamp formation. In SPWLA 58th Annual Logging Symposium. Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.</ref><ref name=Kvaleandrahman_2016>Kvale, E.P. and “Wahid” Rahman, M., 2016, August. Depositional facies and organic content of upper Wolfcamp Formation (Permian) Delaware Basin and implications for sequence stratigraphy and hydrocarbon source. In Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, San Antonio, Texas, 1-3 August 2016 (pp. 1485-1495). Society of Exploration Geophysicists, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Society of Petroleum Engineers.</ref><ref name=Wardetal_1986>Ward, R. F., C. G. St. C. Kendall, and R. M. Harris, 1986, Upper Permian (Guadalupian) facies and their association with hydrocarbons—Permian basin, west Texas and New Mexico: AAPG Bulletin, v. 70, p. 239– 262.</ref> Fracture associated porosity varies between 2% and 12%; however, average permeability is as low as 10 millidarcies, which requires multistage hydraulic fracturing.<ref name=Duttonetal_2005 />

Up to 8 petroleum systems and 32 plays have been defined in the basin.<ref name=Duttonetal_2005 /><ref name=Jarvie_2018>Jarvie, D.M., 2018. Petroleum systems in the Permian Basin: Targeting optimum oil production.</ref> The Guadalupian petroleum systems (Upper Permian, [[:file:GiacomoneEtAlFigure7.jpg|Figure 7]]) holds the major bulk of reserves with a cumulative production of 16 Bbbls of cumulative oil as of 2005 with main plays associated with shallow water carbonates and deep-water sandstones on stratigraphic traps.<ref name=Duttonetal_2005 /> Although this system holds the largest production, it is the Wolfcamp Shale that has lately drawn attention, arising as a prospective unconventional play revitalizing the basin. The Wolfcampian-age organic-rich shale formation extends over all three sub-basins in the Permian Basin.<ref name=Eia_2018 /> Hydrocarbon resources exceed 19 Bbbls of oil, 16 TCF of natural gas, and 1.6 billion barrels of natural gas liquids (NGL), making it one of the largest hydrocarbon plays in the country as of October 2018. TOC content ranges from less than 2% up to 8% and kerogen is mostly type II with a type III contribution.<ref name=Guptaetal_2017>Gupta, I., Rai, C., Sondergeld, C. and Devegowda, D., 2017, June. Rock typing in Wolfcamp formation. In SPWLA 58th Annual Logging Symposium. Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.</ref><ref name=Kvaleandrahman_2016>Kvale, E.P. and “Wahid” Rahman, M., 2016, August. Depositional facies and organic content of upper Wolfcamp Formation (Permian) Delaware Basin and implications for sequence stratigraphy and hydrocarbon source. In Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, San Antonio, Texas, 1-3 August 2016 (pp. 1485-1495). Society of Exploration Geophysicists, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Society of Petroleum Engineers.</ref><ref name=Wardetal_1986>Ward, R. F., C. G. St. C. Kendall, and R. M. Harris, 1986, Upper Permian (Guadalupian) facies and their association with hydrocarbons—Permian basin, west Texas and New Mexico: AAPG Bulletin, v. 70, p. 239– 262.</ref> Fracture associated porosity varies between 2% and 12%; however, average permeability is as low as 10 millidarcies, which requires multistage hydraulic fracturing.<ref name=Duttonetal_2005 />

After more than a decade of producing unconventional reservoirs, the Permian Basin shows that additional pipelines are required to deliver large volumes of gas, and the impact on projected reserves when closely spaced horizontal wells are produced simultaneously.<ref name=Jones_2019>Jones, S., 2019, Making sense of producing gas-oil ratio in unconventional oil reservoirs, accessed October 19, 2020, https://www.aapg.org/videos/super-basins/Articleid/51397/steve-jones-making-sense-of-producing-gas-oilratio-in-unconventional-oil-reservoirs.</ref>

After more than a decade of producing unconventional reservoirs, the Permian Basin shows that additional pipelines are required to deliver large volumes of gas, and the impact on projected reserves when closely spaced horizontal wells are produced simultaneously.<ref name=Jones_2019>Jones, S., 2019, [https://www.aapg.org/videos/super-basins/Articleid/51397/steve-jones-making-sense-of-producing-gas-oilratio-in-unconventional-oil-reservoirs Making sense of producing gas-oil ratio in unconventional oil reservoirs], video accessed October 19, 2020.</ref>

==See also==

==See also==