Changes

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* Validation/invalidation of interpretation and prediction of unseen geometries: Structural restoration and balancing assist in evaluating the interpretation, making them powerful tools in predicting the geometries of horizons and faults that are not imaged or only poorly imaged. In doing so, the interpreted faults and horizons are checked against geologically plausible deformational models and styles to test their viability. For instance, Chamberlin<ref name=Chamberlin_1910 /> used balancing methods to predict the geometry of the subsurface based on outcrop relationships.‎

===Validation/invalidation of interpretation and prediction of unseen geometries===

* Estimating extension, shortening and sub-seismic deformation: Balancing and restoration can be used to quantify the amount of extension and shortening by measuring the length difference between the deformed state and undeformed (restored) state ([[:file:AlHawajAlQahtaniFigure3.jpg|Figure 3]]). Additionally, restoration allows for the simulation of strain and dilatancy ([[:file:AlHawajAlQahtaniFigure2.jpg|Figure 2]]).

Structural restoration and balancing assist in evaluating the interpretation, making them powerful tools in predicting the geometries of horizons and faults that are not imaged or only poorly imaged. In doing so, the interpreted faults and horizons are checked against geologically plausible deformational models and styles to test their viability. For instance, Chamberlin<ref name=Chamberlin_1910 /> used balancing methods to predict the geometry of the subsurface based on outcrop relationships.‎

* Estimation of uplift and erosion: Rock and surface uplifts can lead to erosion and non-deposition, which would result in the removal of previously deposited sections. This means that there will be a difference between the area/volume/line length of the restored and the deformed rock. The importance of balancing and restoration is that such dissimilarity can be pinpointed in space and time to reincorporate missing section/volume back into the geological evolution.

 

* Paleotopography/paleobathymetry: Restoration, in particular 3D restoration, can be used to generate paleo-surfaces that are geologically plausible given the data. These paleo-surfaces can be incorporated into basin- and prospect-scale modeling of, for example, GDEs. Such application is important where sediment pathways are greatly affected by evolving structures. Paleo-surfaces are also important for constraining and calibrating petroleum system models over the basin scale as they can be used as an input in basin modeling.

===Estimating extension, shortening and sub-seismic deformation===

Balancing and restoration can be used to quantify the amount of extension and shortening by measuring the length difference between the deformed state and undeformed (restored) state ([[:file:AlHawajAlQahtaniFigure3.jpg|Figure 3]]). Additionally, restoration allows for the simulation of strain and dilatancy ([[:file:AlHawajAlQahtaniFigure2.jpg|Figure 2]]).

 

===Estimation of uplift and erosion===

Rock and surface uplifts can lead to erosion and non-deposition, which would result in the removal of previously deposited sections. This means that there will be a difference between the area/volume/line length of the restored and the deformed rock. The importance of balancing and restoration is that such dissimilarity can be pinpointed in space and time to reincorporate missing section/volume back into the geological evolution.

 

===Paleotopography and paleobathymetry===

Restoration, in particular 3-D restoration, can be used to generate paleo-surfaces that are geologically plausible given the data. These paleo-surfaces can be incorporated into basin- and prospect-scale modeling of, for example, GDEs. Such application is important where sediment pathways are greatly affected by evolving structures. Paleo-surfaces are also important for constraining and calibrating petroleum system models over the basin scale as they can be used as an input in basin modeling.

==Example from industry==

==Example from industry==