Changes

====Hydraulic Testing of Pre-existing Fracture (HTPF)====

====Hydraulic Testing of Pre-existing Fracture (HTPF)====

Hydraulic Testing of Pre-existing Fracture is similar to the conventional fracking. However, no fractures are created by the HTPF method. It is used to reopen a pre-existing fracture in the formation (see figure 12). HTPF method requires the knowledge of the exact orientation and location of the pre-existing fractures before pumping fluid into the formation. HTPF can determine the normal stress acting perpendicular to the pre-existing fractures, which is equal to the shut-in pressure.

Hydraulic Testing of Pre-existing Fracture is similar to the conventional fracking. However, no fractures are created by the HTPF method. It is used to reopen a pre-existing fracture in the formation (see figure 12). HTPF method requires the knowledge of the exact orientation and location of the pre-existing fractures before pumping fluid into the formation. HTPF can determine the normal stress acting perpendicular to the pre-existing fractures, which is equal to the shut-in pressure.

[[File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Tayyib-Figure12.png|center|framed|{{Figure number|12}}Hydraulic Testing of Pre-existing Fractures. (from Gaines, et al. 2012 as cited in Lin et al., 2018) [8]]]   

[[File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Tayyib-Figure12.png|center|framed|{{Figure number|12}}Hydraulic Testing of Pre-existing Fractures. (from Gaines, et al. 2012 as cited in Lin et al., 2018<ref>Lin, H., J. Oh, H. Masoumi, I. Canbulat, C. Zhang, and L. Dou, 2018, [https://ro.uow.edu.au/coal/690 A review of in situ stress measurement techniques], ''in'' N. Aziz, and B. Kininmonth, eds: Proceedings of the 2018 Coal Operators' Conference, February 18-20, 2018, Wollongong, Australia.</ref>)

====Formation Integrity (FIT) Test or Leak-off Test (LOT)====

====Formation Integrity (FIT) Test or Leak-off Test (LOT)====

8 Lin, H., Oh, J., Masoumi, H., Canbulat, I., Zhang, C., & Dou, L., 2018, A review of in situ stress measurement techniques. in Aziz, N., Kininmonth, B. (Ed.). Proceedings of the 2018 Coal Operators' Conference, Mining Engineering, University of Wollongong, 18-20 February 2019 https://ro.uow.edu.au/coal/690

9 Kartevoll, M., 2009, Drilling Problems in Depleted Reservoirs.

9 Kartevoll, M., 2009, Drilling Problems in Depleted Reservoirs.