− | A hydrodynamic gradient will either increase or decrease the height of a trapped hydro-carbon column.<ref name=ch10r67>Schowalter, T., T., 1979, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1977-79/data/pg/0063/0005/0700/0723.htm Mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon migration and entrapment]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 63, no. 5, p. 723–760.</ref><ref name=ch10r16>Dahlberg, E., C., 1982, Applied [[Hydrodynamics]] in Petroleum Exploration: New York, Springer-Verlag, 161 p.</ref><ref name=ch10r50>Lerche, I., Thomsen, R., O., 1994, [[Hydrodynamics]] of Oil and Gas: New York, Plenum Press, 308 p.</ref> Flow in the direction of the buoyant vector decreases the seal capacity. Flow opposite the direction of the buoyant vector increases the seal capacity. | + | A hydrodynamic gradient will either increase or decrease the height of a trapped hydro-carbon column.<ref name=ch10r67>Schowalter, T. T., 1979, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1977-79/data/pg/0063/0005/0700/0723.htm Mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon migration and entrapment]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 63, no. 5, p. 723–760.</ref><ref name=ch10r16>Dahlberg, E. C., 1982, Applied Hydrodynamics in Petroleum Exploration: New York, Springer-Verlag, 161 p.</ref><ref name=ch10r50>Lerche, I. Thomsen, R. O., 1994, Hydrodynamics of Oil and Gas: New York, Plenum Press, 308 p.</ref> Flow in the direction of the buoyant vector decreases the seal capacity. Flow opposite the direction of the buoyant vector increases the seal capacity. |
− | Fluid pressure gradients may fluctuate dramatically during faulting and basin evolution.<ref name=ch10r69>Sibson, R., H., Moore, J., Rankin, A., H., 1975, Seismic pumping—a hydrothermal fluid transport mechanism: Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol. 131, p. 653–659., 10., 1144/gsjgs., 131., 6., 0653</ref> Estimates of trapping capacity based upon the capillary model assume a static pressure gradient or a uniform regional hydrodynamic gradient. | + | Fluid pressure gradients may fluctuate dramatically during faulting and basin evolution.<ref name=ch10r69>Sibson, R. H., Moore, J., Rankin, A. H., 1975, Seismic pumping—a hydrothermal fluid transport mechanism: Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol. 131, p. 653–659., 10., 1144/gsjgs., 131., 6., 0653</ref> Estimates of trapping capacity based upon the capillary model assume a static pressure gradient or a uniform regional hydrodynamic gradient. |
| Measurements of fluid inclusions, however, suggest pressure transients along faults of as much as 126 MPa [[pressure::(1,825 psi]]).<ref name=ch10r61>Parry, W., T., Bruhn, R., L., 1990, Fluid pressure transients on seismogenic normal faults: Tectonophysics, vol. 179, no. 3–4, p. 335–344., 10., 1016/0040-1951(90)90299-N</ref> Similar episodic fluid flow events are inferred from sandstone cements in the North Sea.<ref name=ch10r64>Robinson, A., Gluyas, J., 1992, Duration of quartz cementation in sandstones, North Sea and Haltenbanken basins: Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 324–327., 10., 1016/0264-8172(92)90081-O</ref> | | Measurements of fluid inclusions, however, suggest pressure transients along faults of as much as 126 MPa [[pressure::(1,825 psi]]).<ref name=ch10r61>Parry, W., T., Bruhn, R., L., 1990, Fluid pressure transients on seismogenic normal faults: Tectonophysics, vol. 179, no. 3–4, p. 335–344., 10., 1016/0040-1951(90)90299-N</ref> Similar episodic fluid flow events are inferred from sandstone cements in the North Sea.<ref name=ch10r64>Robinson, A., Gluyas, J., 1992, Duration of quartz cementation in sandstones, North Sea and Haltenbanken basins: Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 324–327., 10., 1016/0264-8172(92)90081-O</ref> |