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Seismic data: two- or three-dimensional interpretation (view source)
Revision as of 16:04, 21 November 2014
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Three-dimensional [[seismic interpretation]] is not just dense 2-D seismic interpretation. Although it is certainly possible to interpret the 3-D seismic volume as a dense 2-D grid (in fact, some early interactive interpretation systems actually encouraged this), this is neither an effective nor an efficient approach to the interpretation. The results are generally of poorer quality and require significantly more effort than interpreting the data in a 3-D fashion.
Three-dimensional [[seismic interpretation]] is not just dense 2-D seismic interpretation. Although it is certainly possible to interpret the 3-D seismic volume as a dense 2-D grid (in fact, some early interactive interpretation systems actually encouraged this), this is neither an effective nor an efficient approach to the interpretation. The results are generally of poorer quality and require significantly more effort than interpreting the data in a 3-D fashion.
[[file:interpreting-3-d-seismic-data_fig13-1.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Opaque volume from a 3-D seismic survey in the southern North Sea Gas Basin. From Dorn.<ref name=Dorn_1998>Dorn, G. A., 1988, [http://library.seg.org/doi/abs/10.1190/1.1438121 Modern 3-D seismic interpretation]: The Leading Edge, v. 17, no. 9, p. 1262-1272.</ref> Courtesy SEG.]]
==Volume visualization==
Volume visualization provides an effective tool for data preview. We can view animations of opaque slices through the data volume along any orientation, and we can control the slicing interactively. We can also control the opacity of the volume. By making the data volume partially transparent, we can see the structure of strong reflections prior to doing any interpretation. It may also be possible to isolate elements of depositional systems by controlling the color and opacity mappings.
==Data preview example==
[[:file:interpreting-3-d-seismic-data_fig13-1.png|Figure 1]] is an opaque volume from a 3-D seismic survey in the southern North Sea Gas Basin. Four horizons are indicated: Top Chalk, Top Keuper, Top Zechstein, and Top Rotliegend. By visualizing the volume with the opacity set so that only the strongest peaks and troughs are opaque, we can see the overall 3-D structure of these horizons prior to interpretation ([[:file:interpreting-3-d-seismic-data_fig13-1.png|Figure 1b]]).
Examining [[:file:interpreting-3-d-seismic-data_fig13-1.png|Figure 1b]], we can note that the anticline at the Top Chalk has a different trend than the anticline at the Top Keuper. Some faulting is evident along the north end of the Top Keuper horizon extending roughly parallel to the trend of the anticline. The Top Zechstein and Top Keuper are approximately conformable in this volume, and the strong amplitude reflections from the west are dipping. Top Rotliegend fault blocks are also evident. By using motion (e.g., rotation around the time axis) and stereo displays, the structures, their relationships, and the positions of specific reflections become much more obvious than they are in the still images in [[:file:interpreting-3-d-seismic-data_fig13-1.png|Figure 1]].
==The 2-D approach==
==The 2-D approach==