Every now and again, the hole will collapse in on itself. This will happen where the earth stresses exceed the rock strength. Salt sections or shale sections at shallow depths containing water-sensitive clays are prone to this. Water-sensitive clays can expand by reacting with drilling fluids, particularly low salinity muds. This can cause the borehole wall to founder and bury the drill bit irretrievably. A decision may then be made to branch off from what hole is left, and this is called sidetracking. | Every now and again, the hole will collapse in on itself. This will happen where the earth stresses exceed the rock strength. Salt sections or shale sections at shallow depths containing water-sensitive clays are prone to this. Water-sensitive clays can expand by reacting with drilling fluids, particularly low salinity muds. This can cause the borehole wall to founder and bury the drill bit irretrievably. A decision may then be made to branch off from what hole is left, and this is called sidetracking. |