10,323
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 13:
Line 13: − + − + − + − ! Minimum Hole Size (in.) − ! Maximum Hole Size (in.) − ! Mud Tvpeb − ! Preferred Hole Positions − ! Recommended Logging Speed (ft/hr) − ! Tool − ! F − ! S − ! B − ! K − ! O − ! Excentered − ! Stand-Off (in.) − ! Centered − + − − − − − − − − − − − − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − − − − − + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + − − − − − − − − − − − − + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + − − − − − − − − − − − − + + + − + Line 279:
Line 74: − * [[Introduction to wireline methods]] Line 293:
Line 87: − +
no edit summary
| isbn = 0891816607
| isbn = 0891816607
}}
}}
Logging tools are generally designed for operation under limited borehole conditions. A minimum hole size is the consequence of maximum tool diameter and pad curvatures, while maximum hole size is established by signal strength and caliper arm lengths. Mud types can affect signal transmission. Hole position affects signal strength and mud or borehole effects. Table 1 provides general operating limitations for the standard logging tools. Service companies have specially designed or modified tools that may allow extension of operation ranges. Consult your local representative if hole conditions are not as recommended in Table 1.
Logging tools are generally designed for operation under limited borehole conditions. A minimum hole size is the consequence of maximum tool diameter and pad curvatures, while maximum hole size is established by signal strength and caliper arm lengths. Mud types can affect signal transmission. Hole position affects signal strength and mud or borehole effects. Table 1 provides general operating limitations for the standard logging tools. Service companies have specially designed or modified tools that may allow extension of operation ranges.
{| class = "wikitable"
{| class = "wikitable"
|-
|-
|+ {{table number|1}}Basic tool tablea
|+ {{table number|1}}Basic tool table<sup>a</sup>
|-
|-
!
! rowspan=2 | Tool || rowspan=2 | Minimum Hole Size (in.) || rowspan=2 | Maximum Hole Size (in.) || colspan=5 | Mud Type<sup>b</sup> || colspan=3 | Preferred Hole Positions || rowspan=2 | Recommended logging speed (ft/hr)
|-
|-
| SP
! F || S || B || K || O || Excentered || Stand-Off (in.) || Centered
| —
| —
| √
| √
| √
| √
| ×
| √
| √
| √
| NA
|-
|-
| Gamma ray
| [[Basic open hole tools#Spontaneous potential|SP]] || — || — || √ || √ || √ || √ || × || √ || √ || √ || NA
| 6
|-
| 20
| [[Basic open hole tools#Gamma ray|Gamma ray]] || 6 || 20 || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || – || – || <1800
| √
|-
| √
| Spectral [[Basic open hole tools#Gamma Ray|GR]] || 6 || 20 || √ || √ || √ || NR || √ || √ || NR || – || <900
| √
|-
| √
| [[Basic open hole tools#Induction|Induction]] || 6 || 20 || √ || × || √ || × || √ || – || 1.5 || – || <3600
| √
|-
| √
| [[Basic open hole tools#Laterologs|Laterolog]] || 6 || 20 || × || √ || √ || √ || × || – || × || √ || <3600
| –
| –
|
|-
|-
| Spectral GR
| [[Basic open hole tools#Microresistivity|Microresistivity]] || 6 || 16 || √ || √ || √ || √ || × || – || – || √ || <3600
| 6
| 20
| √
| √
| √
| NR
| √
| √
| NR
| –
|
|-
|-
| Induction
| [[Basic open hole tools#Density|Density]] || 6 || 16 || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || 0–2.0 || × || <1800
| 6
| 20
| √
| ×
| √
| ×
| √
| –
| 1.5
| –
|
|-
|-
| Laterolog
| IPL* || 6 || 16 || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || 0–2.0 || × || 1800
| 6
| 20
| ×;
| √
| √
| √
| ×
| –
| ×
| √
|
|-
|-
| Microresistivity
| Photoelectrical || 6 || 16 || √ || √ || × || √ || √ || √ || 0–2.0 || × || <1800
| 6
| 16
| √
| √
| √
| √
| ×
| –
| –
| √
|
|-
|-
| Density
| [[Basic open hole tools#Compensated neutron|Neutron]] || 6 || 16 || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || × || × || <1800
| 6
| 16
| √
| √
| √
| √
| √
| √
| 0–2.0
| ×
|
|-
|-
| Photoelectrical
| [[Basic open hole tools#Sonic|Sonic]] || 6 || 20 || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || – || – || √ || <3600
| 6
| 16
| √
| √
| ×
| √
| √
| √
| 0–2.0
| ×
|
|-
|-
| Neutron
| FWS (monopole) || 6 || 20 || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || × || × || √ || <1800
| 6
| 16
| √
| √
| √
| √
| √
| √
| ×
| ×
|
|-
|-
| Sonic
| Dipole || 6 || 14 || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || – || × || √ || <1400
| 6
| 20
| √
| √
| √
| √
| √
| –
| –
| √
|
|-
|-
| FWS (monopole)
| [[Dipmeter]] || 6 || 22 || √ || √ || √ || √ || M || × || × || √ || <3000
| 6
| 20
| √
| √
| √
| √
| √
| ×
| ×
| √
|
|-
|-
| Dipole
| Formation tester || 6 || 16 || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || NA || NA || NA || NA
| 6
| 14
| √
| √
| √
| √
| √
| –
| ×
| √
|
|-
|-
| Dipmeter
| FMS || 6 || 22 || √ || √ || √ || √ || × || × || × || √ || <1800
| 6
| 22
| √
| √
| √
| √
| M
| ×
| ×
| √
|
|-
|-
| Formation tester
| Televiewer || 6 || 14 || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || × || × || √ || <1200
| 6
| 16
| √
| √
| √
| √
| √
| NA
| NA
| NA
| NA
|-
|-
| FMS
| FMI || 6 || 21 || √ || √ || √ || √ || × || × || × || √ || <1800
| 6
| 22
| √
| √
| √
| √
| ×
| ×
| ×
| √
|
|-
|-
| Televiewer
| Pulsed neutron || 2 || 12 || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || – || – || <1800
| 6
| 14
| √
| √
| √
| √
| √
| ×
| ×
| √
|
|-
|-
| Pulsed neutron
| CMR* || 6.5 || 20 ||√ || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || – || – || 1800
| 2
| 12
| √
| √
| √
| √
| √
| √
| –
| –
|
|}
|}
<sup>a</sup><sub>Symbols: √ = good conditions, × = unsuitable conditions, - = marginally acceptable conditions, NR = not recommended, NA = not applicable, M = with special modifications.</sub><br>
<sup>b</sup><sub>Mud types: F = freshwater (low salt), S = high salt, B = barite, K = high potassium salt, O = oil-based.</sub><br>
<sup>*</sup><sub>Mark of Schlumberger</sub><br>
Computerized surface systems and cable communication systems have made tool combinations virtually unlimited. However, the combining of different tools into a single logging run may be limited by more than the physical ability to hook them together. Some devices are designed to operate excentered, some centered, and some stood off from the borehole wall. Tool positioning is important in ensuring valid environmental corrections. Table 1 includes optimum hole positions for each device. Caution should be used in combining a tool designed to be excentered, such as the neutron, with one designed to be centered, such as the sonic. The environmental effects upon the measurement may be uncorrectable. Also note that the maximum and minimum hole sizes are general recommendations only. Some logging devices are modified for larger and smaller holes. This should be discussed with your local logging company representative.
Computerized surface systems and cable communication systems have made tool combinations virtually unlimited. However, the combining of different tools into a single logging run may be limited by more than the physical ability to hook them together. Some devices are designed to operate excentered, some centered, and some stood off from the borehole wall. Tool positioning is important in ensuring valid environmental corrections. Table 1 includes optimum hole positions for each device. Caution should be used in combining a tool designed to be excentered, such as the neutron, with one designed to be centered, such as the sonic. The environmental effects upon the measurement may be uncorrectable. Also note that the maximum and minimum hole sizes are general recommendations only. Some logging devices are modified for larger and smaller holes.
==See also==
==See also==
* [[Formation evaluation of naturally fractured reservoirs]]
* [[Formation evaluation of naturally fractured reservoirs]]
* [[Basic open hole tools]]
* [[Basic open hole tools]]
* [[Determination of water resistivity]]
* [[Determination of water resistivity]]
* [[Preprocessing of logging data]]
* [[Preprocessing of logging data]]
* [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=612 Find the book in the AAPG Store]
* [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=612 Find the book in the AAPG Store]
[[Category:Wireline methods]]
[[Category:Wireline methods]] [[Category:Pages with badly formatted tables]] [[Category:Methods in Exploration 10]]