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  | isbn    = 0-89181-602-X

  | isbn    = 0-89181-602-X

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We can reasonably predict the location of stratigraphic or combination traps using the cross sections, seismic sections, and maps generated during an analysis of the seismic stratigraphy of a basin. This is especially true in basins containing oil or gas traps that can be used as analogs. [[Sequence stratigraphy]], interpreted from seismic, well, and outcrop data, is an effective concept for assessing the quality and location of source, seal, and reservoir rocks. However, most researchers caution against blindly applying published sequence stratigraphic models.<ref name=ch21r24>Handford, C. R., Loucks, R. G., 1993, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/seismic2/data/a168/a168/0001/0000/0003.htm Carbonate depositional sequences and systems tracts—responses of carbonate platforms to relative sea-level changes], in Loucks, R. G., Sarg, J. F., eds., Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy: Recent Developments and Applications: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=585 AAPG Memoir 57], p. 3–42.</ref><ref name=ch21r49>Weimer, P., Posamentier, H. W., eds., 1993, Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy, Recent Developments and Applications: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=1202 AAPG Memoir 58], 492 p.</ref> Exxon workers<ref name=ch21r47>Van Wagoner, J. C., Mitchum, R. M., Campion, K. M., Rahmanian, V. D., 1990, Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy in Well Logs, Cores and Outcrops: Concepts for High-Resolution Correlation of Time and Facies: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=1196 AAPG Methods in Exploration Series No. 7], 55 p.</ref><ref name=ch21r39>Sarg, J. F., 1988, Carbonate [[sequence stratigraphy]], in Wilgus, C., K., eds., Sea-Level Changes—An Integrated Approach: SEPM Special Publication 42, p. 155–181.</ref> made [[assumptions]] in the models they developed, mainly based on Gulf Coast geology, that might not have universal application. Any model of sequence stratigraphy used for exploration purposes should be based on local geology. Locally based models make more effective exploration tools.

We can reasonably predict the location of stratigraphic or combination traps using the [[cross section]]s, seismic sections, and maps generated during an analysis of the seismic stratigraphy of a basin. This is especially true in basins containing oil or gas traps that can be used as analogs. [[Sequence stratigraphy]], interpreted from seismic, well, and outcrop data, is an effective concept for assessing the quality and location of source, seal, and reservoir rocks. However, most researchers caution against blindly applying published sequence stratigraphic models.<ref name=ch21r24>Handford, C. R., Loucks, R. G., 1993, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/seismic2/data/a168/a168/0001/0000/0003.htm Carbonate depositional sequences and systems tracts—responses of carbonate platforms to relative sea-level changes], in Loucks, R. G., Sarg, J. F., eds., Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy: Recent Developments and Applications: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=585 AAPG Memoir 57], p. 3–42.</ref><ref name=ch21r49>Weimer, P., Posamentier, H. W., eds., 1993, Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy, Recent Developments and Applications: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=1202 AAPG Memoir 58], 492 p.</ref> Exxon workers<ref name=ch21r47>Van Wagoner, J. C., Mitchum, R. M., Campion, K. M., Rahmanian, V. D., 1990, Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy in Well Logs, Cores and Outcrops: Concepts for High-Resolution Correlation of Time and Facies: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=1196 AAPG Methods in Exploration Series No. 7], 55 p.</ref><ref name=ch21r39>Sarg, J. F., 1988, Carbonate [[sequence stratigraphy]], in Wilgus, C., K., eds., Sea-Level Changes—An Integrated Approach: SEPM Special Publication 42, p. 155–181.</ref> made [[assumptions]] in the models they developed, mainly based on Gulf Coast geology, that might not have universal application. Any model of sequence stratigraphy used for exploration purposes should be based on local geology. Locally based models make more effective exploration tools.

==Procedure==

==Procedure==

|-

|-

| 1

| 1

| Using seismic lines and/or log cross sections, determine the systems tract type for intervals of interest, i.e., lowstand, transgressive, or highstand.

| Using seismic lines and/or log [[cross section]]

 

s, determine the systems tract type for intervals of interest, i.e., lowstand, transgressive, or highstand.

|-

|-

| 2

| 2

| Identify potential seal- and reservoir-quality rocks using seismic facies and lithofacies shown on maps and cross sections.

| Identify potential seal- and reservoir-quality rocks using seismic facies and lithofacies shown on maps and[[ cross section]]s.

|-

|-

| 3

| 3

[[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-38.jpg|300px|thumb|{{figure number|2}}Play types for shelf-edge and ramp margins. From Van Wagoner et al. 1990;<ref name=ch21r47 /> courtesy AAPG]]

[[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-38.jpg|300px|thumb|{{figure number|2}}Play types for shelf-edge and ramp margins. From Van Wagoner et al. 1990;<ref name=ch21r47 /> courtesy AAPG]]

The diagrammatic cross section ([[:file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-37.png|Figure 1]]) and the corresponding table describe six potential trap types associated with the lowstand systems tract.

The diagrammatic [[cross section]] ([[:file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-37.png|Figure 1]]) and the corresponding table describe six potential trap types associated with the lowstand systems tract.

{| class = "wikitable"

{| class = "wikitable"

==Example: integrating petrophysics and geology==

==Example: integrating petrophysics and geology==

Unpublished data (courtesy Amoco Production Company) derived from cores and [[seismic data]] were used to build an integrated lithofacies map. [[:file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-39.png|Figure 3]] is a cross section representing the reservoir properties from representative [[capillary pressure]] data. The facies belts shown in the map above the cross section were deposited during maximum highstand of the Ismay (Pennsylvanian) carbonates. The facies are superimposed on an isopach map of the highstand systems tract. Test and show data overlain on the map show that significant reservoirs are restricted generally in the ''Ivanovia'' algal mound buildups, which flank a highstand basin shown in gray.

Unpublished data (courtesy Amoco Production Company) derived from cores and [[seismic data]] were used to build an integrated lithofacies map. [[:file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-39.png|Figure 3]] is a [[cross section]] representing the reservoir properties from representative [[capillary pressure]] data. The facies belts shown in the map above the cross section were deposited during maximum highstand of the Ismay (Pennsylvanian) carbonates. The facies are superimposed on an isopach map of the highstand systems tract. Test and show data overlain on the map show that significant reservoirs are restricted generally in the ''Ivanovia'' algal mound buildups, which flank a highstand basin shown in gray.

==See also==

==See also==