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Line 22: + + − − [[file:three-dimensional-seismic-method_fig1.png|left|thumb|{{figure number|1}}(a) A CMP-stacked section. Copyright: a marine 3-D survey. (b) The corresponding 2-D migrated section. (c) The 3-D migrated section. (Data courtesy of Amoco Europe and West Africa, Inc.]]
Three-dimensional seismic method (view source)
Revision as of 21:14, 15 January 2014
, 21:14, 15 January 2014no edit summary
The size of the survey area is dictated by the areal extent of the subsurface target zone and the aperture size required for adequate imaging of that target zone<ref name=pt07r64>Yilmaz, O., 1987 Seismic Data Processing: Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, OK, 525 p</ref>. This imaging requirement means that the areal extent of a 3-D survey almost always is larger than the areal extent of the objective. A few hundred thousand to a few hundred million traces normally are collected during a 3-D survey.
The size of the survey area is dictated by the areal extent of the subsurface target zone and the aperture size required for adequate imaging of that target zone<ref name=pt07r64>Yilmaz, O., 1987 Seismic Data Processing: Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, OK, 525 p</ref>. This imaging requirement means that the areal extent of a 3-D survey almost always is larger than the areal extent of the objective. A few hundred thousand to a few hundred million traces normally are collected during a 3-D survey.
[[file:three-dimensional-seismic-method_fig1.png|left|thumb|{{figure number|1}}(a) A CMP-stacked section. Copyright: a marine 3-D survey. (b) The corresponding 2-D migrated section. (c) The 3-D migrated section. (Data courtesy of Amoco Europe and West Africa, Inc.]]
==Processing of 3-D data==
==Processing of 3-D data==
The basic principles of 2-D seismic data processing still apply to 3-D processing. In 2-D processing, traces are collected as common midpoint (CMP) gathers, while in 3-D processing, traces are collected as common-cell gathers (bins). These gathers are used in velocity analysis, and common-cell stacks are generated. Typical cell sizes are 25 by [[length::25 m]] for land surveys and 12.5 by [[depth::37.5 m]] for marine surveys.
The basic principles of 2-D seismic data processing still apply to 3-D processing. In 2-D processing, traces are collected as common midpoint (CMP) gathers, while in 3-D processing, traces are collected as common-cell gathers (bins). These gathers are used in velocity analysis, and common-cell stacks are generated. Typical cell sizes are 25 by [[length::25 m]] for land surveys and 12.5 by [[depth::37.5 m]] for marine surveys.