Changes

This approach can be used even when the significance of the adaptive form is unclear; Wolfe<ref name=ch17r96>Wolfe, J. A., 1979, Temperature parameters of humid to mesic forests of eastern Asia and relation to forests of other regions of the northern hemisphere and Australia: U., S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1106-K, 37 p.</ref> for example, suggests that quantification of angiosperm leaf characteristics (i.e., the percentage of entire-margined leaves) helps us determine [[Tertiary]] temperatures to within [[temperature::1&deg;C]].

This approach can be used even when the significance of the adaptive form is unclear; Wolfe<ref name=ch17r96>Wolfe, J. A., 1979, Temperature parameters of humid to mesic forests of eastern Asia and relation to forests of other regions of the northern hemisphere and Australia: U., S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1106-K, 37 p.</ref> for example, suggests that quantification of angiosperm leaf characteristics (i.e., the percentage of entire-margined leaves) helps us determine [[Tertiary]] temperatures to within [[temperature::1&deg;C]].

==Isotopic paleo-temperature==

==Isotopic paleotemperature==

An analysis of the ratios of oxygen isotopes in fossil shell material yields estimates of ancient temperatures. Oceanic paleotemperatures based on analysis of fossil calcareous foraminiferal tests are widely used to interpret Cenozoic paleoclimate and paleoceanography (see [[Stable isotope stratigraphy]]).

An analysis of the ratios of oxygen isotopes in fossil shell material yields estimates of ancient temperatures. Oceanic paleotemperatures based on analysis of fossil calcareous [http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/foram/foramintro.html foraminiferal] tests are widely used to interpret [[Cenozoic]] paleoclimate and [[Paleobathymetry|paleoceanography]] (see [[Stable isotope stratigraphy]]).

==Quantitative paleoclimate models==

==Quantitative paleoclimate models==