Changes

| Atmosphere || Hydrocarbons || Radar or laser

| Atmosphere || Hydrocarbons || Radar or laser

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| Water surface || Oil slicks or sheens || Satellite, airborne sensors (radar, multispectral, hyperspectral, laser, fluorescence), or direct sampling

| Water surface || Oil slicks or sheens || Satellite, airborne sensors ([[Wikipedia:Radar|radar]], [[Wikipedia:Multispectral image|multispectral imaging]], [[Wikipedia:Hyperspectral imaging|hyperspectral imaging]], [[Wikipedia:Laser|laser]], [http://www.if.pwr.wroc.pl/~optappl/pdf/2004/no3/optappl_3403p405.pdf fluorescence]), or direct sampling

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| Water || Dissolved hydrocarbons (LMW, HMW, or aromatics) || Marine sniffer, water analysis

| Water || Dissolved hydrocarbons ([http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms.aspx?LookIn=term%20name&filter=light%20hydrocarbons low molecular weight (LMW)], high molecular weight (HMW), or [[Wikipedia:Aromatic hydrocarbon|aromatics]]) || [http://eti-geochemistry.com/gaschrom/index.html Marine sniffer], water analysis

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| rowspan = 2 | Sea bottom || Hydrocarbon macro-or micro seepage || High-resolution seismic, side-scan sonar, direct sampling (gravity core, vibro-core, piston core, jet core, etc.)

| rowspan = 2 | Sea bottom || Hydrocarbon macro- or microseepage || High-resolution [[Seismic data|seismic data]], [[Wikipedia:Side-scan sonar|side-scan sonar]], direct sampling ([http://www.whoi.edu/instruments/viewInstrument.do?id=1079 gravity core], [http://www.whoi.edu/instruments/viewInstrument.do?id=1079 vibracore], [http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/students/forams/forams_piston_coring.htm piston core], jet core, etc.)

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| Hydrocarbon-induced alteration || Topographic, acoustic, and temperature contrasts; sediment sampling for microbial or geochemical indicators

| Hydrocarbon-induced alteration || Topographic, acoustic, and temperature contrasts; sediment sampling for microbial or geochemical indicators