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Basin-centered gas systems: global distribution (view source)
Revision as of 00:04, 30 January 2015
, 00:04, 30 January 2015Created page with "{{publication | image = Nov2002.jpg | width = 120px | series = ''AAPG Bulletin,'' November 2002 | title = Basin-centered gas systems | part = | chapter = |..."
{{publication
| image = Nov2002.jpg
| width = 120px
| series = ''AAPG Bulletin,'' November 2002
| title = Basin-centered gas systems
| part =
| chapter =
| frompg = 1891
| topg = 1919
| author = Ben E. Law
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2002/11nov/1891/1891.htm
| pdf =
| store =
| isbn =
}}
[[file:BasinCenteredGasFig13.jpg|thumb|400px|{{figure number|1}}Map of the United States showing the geographic distribution of known and potential BCGAs.]]
The global distribution of basin-centered gas accumulations (BCGAs) is poorly known, and knowledge of the stratigraphic distribution of BCGAs is incomplete. Even in North America, where most of the exploration activity for BCGAs has occurred, the geographic distribution is not well known. [[:file:BasinCenteredGasFig13.jpg|Figure 1]] shows the locations of known and suspected BCGAs in the United States. A tabulation of these areas, as well as areas outside North America, is shown in Table 1. The geographic distribution of BCGAs is probably best known in the Rocky Mountain region, where a considerable amount of research has occurred.
{| class = "wikitable"
|-
|+ {{table number|1}}Selected areas or basins containing known or suspected basin-centered gas systems
|-
! Area || Level of certainty || Age || Type of system || Reference
|-
| colspan=5 | <div style="text-align: center;">'''NORTH AMERICA'''</div>
|-
| Colville basin, Alaska || High || [[Cretaceous]] || Direct ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001>Popov, M. A., V. F. Nuccio, T. S. Dyman, T. A. Gognat, R. C. Johnson, J. W. Schmoker, M. S. Wilson, and C. Bartberger, 2001, Basin-centered gas systems of the U.S.:U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-135, Version 1.0, 1 CD-ROM.</ref>
|-
| Central Alaska basins || Low/Moderate || ? || ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Cook Inlet, Alaska || Low || pre-Tertiary || ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Norton Basin, Alaska || High || [[Eocene]]/[[Paleocene]] || Direct || Smith<ref name=Smith_1994>Smith, J. T., 1994, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/methodo2/data/a077/a077/0001/0000/0025.htm Petroleum system logic as an exploration tool in a frontier setting], ''in'' L. B. Magoon and W. G. Dow, eds., The petroleum system-from source to trap: AAPG Memoir 60, p. 25-49.</ref>
|-
| Alberta basin, Canada || High || Cretaceous || Direct || Masters<ref name=Masters_1979>Masters, J. A., 1979, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1977-79/data/pg/0063/0002/0150/0152.htm Deep basin gas trap, western Canada]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 63, p. 152-181.</ref> <ref name=Masters_1984>Masters, J. A., ed., 1984, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/alt-browse/aapg-special-volumes/m38.htm Elmworth-case study of a deep basin gas field]: AAPG Memoir 38, 316 p.</ref>
|-
| Charlotte-Georgia Basin, Canada || Low/Moderate || Tertiary/Cretaceous || Direct ? ||
|-
| Willamette-Puget Sound Trough, Washington and Oregon || Moderate/High || Tertiary || Direct ? || Law,<ref name=Law_1996>Law, B. E., 1996, Southwestern Wyoming province (037), ''in'' D. L. Gautier, G. L. Dolton, K. I. Takahashi, and K. L. Varnes, eds., [http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-030/ 1995 national assessment of United States oil and gas resources-results, methodology, and supporting data]: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-30, Release 2, 1 CD-ROM.</ref> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Columbia basin, Washington || High || Tertiary || Direct || Law et al.,<ref name=Lawetal_1994>Law, B. E., M. E. Tennyson, and S. Y. Johnson 1994, Basin-centered gas accumulations in the Pacific Northwest-a potentially large source of energy (abs.): AAPG Annual Meeting Program, v. 3, p. 194.</ref> Law<ref name=Law_1996 />
|-
| Modoc Plateau, California || Low/Moderate || Cretaceous || Direct ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Sacramento/San Joaquin basins, California || Low/Moderate || Cretaceous || ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Great Basin, Nevada || Low || Tertiary ? || ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Snake River Plain, Idaho || Low/Moderate || Tertiary ? || ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Big Horn basin, Wyoming || High || Lower Tertiary/Cretaceous || Direct || Johnson et al.<ref name=Johnsonetal_1999 />
|-
| Wind River basn, Wyoming || High || Cretaceous || Direct || Johnson et al.<ref name=Johnsonetal_1996 />
|-
| Greater Green River basin, Wyoming || High || Lower Tertiary/Cretaceous || Direct || Law et al.,<ref name=Lawetal_1979>Law, B. E., C. W. Spencer, and N. H. Bostic, 1979, Preliminary results of organic maturation, temperature, and pressure studies in the Pacific Creek area, Sublette County, Wyoming, ''in'' 5th Department of Energy symposium on enhanced oil and gas recovery and improved drilling methods, v. 3-oil and gas recovery: Tulsa, Oklahoma, Petroleum Publishing, p. K-2/1-K-2/13.</ref> Law et al.,<ref name=Lawetal_1980>Law, B. E., C. W. Spencer, and N. H. Bostick, 1980, Evaluation of organic maturation, subsurface temperature, and pressure with regard to gas generation in low-permeability Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary strata in the Pacific Creek area, Sublette County, Wyoming: Mountain Geologist, v. 17, no. 2, p. 23-35.</ref> McPeek,<ref name=Mcpeek_1981>McPeek, L. A., 1981, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1980-81/data/pg/0065/0006/1050/1078.htm Eastern Green River basin-a developing giant gas supply from deep, overpressured Upper Cretaceous sandstones]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 65, p. 1078-1098.</ref> Law,<ref name=Law_1984 /> Law et al.<ref name=Lawetal_1989>Law, B. E., C. W. Spencer, R. R. Charpentier, R. A. Crovelli, R. F. Mast, G. L. Dolton, and C. J. Wandrey, 1989, Estimates of gas resources in overpressured low-permeability Cretaceous and Tertiary sandstone reservoirs, Greater Green River basin, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah: 40th Annual Field Conference, Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook, p. 39-61.</ref>
|-
| Hanna basin, Wyoming || High || Cretaceous || Direct || Popov et al.,<ref name=Popovetal_2001 /> Wilson et al.<ref name=Wilsonetal_2001>Wilson, M. S., T. S. Dyman, and V. F. Nuccio, 2001, [http://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2184-a/ Potential for deep basin-centered gas accumulations in Hanna basin, Wyoming]: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2184-A, 12 p.</ref>
|-
| Powder River basin, Wyoming || High || Cretaceous || ? || Surdam et al.,<ref name=Surdametal_1994>Surdam, R. C., Z. S. Jiao, and R. S. Martinsen, 1994, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/memoir61/ch15/0213.htm The regional pressure regime in Cretaceous sandstones and shales in the Powder River basin], ''in'' P. J. Ortoleva, ed., Basin compartments and seals: AAPG Memoir 61, p. 213-233.</ref> Maucione et al.<ref name=Maucioneetal_1994>Maucion, D., V. Serebryakov, P. Valasek, Y. Wang, and S. Smithson, 1994, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/memoir61/ch22/0333.htm A sonic log study of abnormally pressured zones in the Powder River basin of Wyoming], ''in'' P. J. Ortoleva, ed., Basin compartments and seals: AAPG Memoir 61, p. 333-348.</ref>
|-
| Wasatch Plateau, Utah || Moderate/High || Cretaceous || Direct || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Uinta basin, Utah || High || Lower [[Tertiary]]/Cretaceous || Direct || Fouch et al.,<ref name=Fouchetal_1992>Fouch, T. D., V. F. Nuccio, J. C. Osmond, L. MacMillan, W. B. Cachion, and C. J. Wandrey, 1992, Oil and gas in uppermost Cretaceous and Tertiary rock, Uinta basin, Utah, ''in'' T. D. Fouch, V. F. Nuccio, and T. C. Chidsey Jr., eds., Hydrocarbon and mineral resources of the Uinta basin, Utah and Colorado: Utah Geological Association Guidebook 20, p. 9-47.</ref> Fouch and Schmoker,<ref name=Fouchandschmoker_1996>Fouch, T. D., and J. W. Schmoker, 1996, Tight gas plays of the Uinta basin, ''in'' D. L. Gautier, G. L. Dolton, K. I. Takahashi, and K. L. Varnes, eds, [http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-030/ 1995 national assessment of United States oil and gas resources-results, methodology, and supporting data]: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-30, Release 2, 1 CD-ROM.</ref> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Piceance basin, Colorado || High || Cretaceous || Direct || Johnson et al.,<ref name=Johnsonetal_1987 /> Spencer,<ref name=Spencer_1987>Spencer, C. W., 1987, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1986-87/data/pg/0071/0004/0350/0368.htm Hydrocarbon generation as a mechanism for overpressuring in Rocky Mountain region]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 71, p. 368-388.</ref> Spencer<ref name=Spencer_1989a>Spencer, C. W., 1989, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1988-89/data/pg/0073/0005/0600/0613.htm Review of characteristics of low-permeability gas reservoirs in western United States]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 73, p. 613-629.</ref>
|-
| South Park basin, Colorado || Moderate/High || Cretaceous || Direct/Indirect || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Raton basin, New Mexico and Colorado || High || Tertiary/Cretaceous || Direct/Indirect || Johnson and Finn,<ref name=Johnsonandfinn_2001>Johnson, R. C., and T. M. Finn, 2001, [http://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2184-b/ Potential for basin-centered gas accumulation in the Raton basin, Colorado and New Mexico]: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2184-B, 14 p.</ref> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Denver basin, Colorado || High || Cretaceous || Direct/Indirect || Higley et al.,<ref name=Higleyetal_1992>Higley, D. K., D. L. Gautier, and M. J. Pawlewicz, 1992, Influence of regional head flow variation on thermal maturity of the Lower Cretaceous Muddy ("J") Sandstone, Denver basin, Colorado, ''in'' [http://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2007/report.pdf The petroleum system-status of research and methods, 1992]: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2007, p. 66-69.</ref> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| San Juan basin, New Mexico and Colorado || High || Cretaceous || Direct || Silver,<ref name=Silver_1950>Silver, C., 1950, The occurrence of gas in the Cretaceous rocks of the San Juan basin, New Mexico and Colorado: New Mexico Geological Society, First Field Conference, San Juan basin, p. 109-123.</ref> Masters,<ref name=Masters_1979 /> Huffman<ref name=Huffman_1996>Huffman, A. C., 1996, San Juan basin province, ''in'' D. L. Gautier, G. L. Dolton, K. I. Takahashi, and K. L. Varnes, eds, [http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-030/ 1995 national assessment of United States oil and gas resources-results, methodology, and supporting data]: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-30, Release 2, 1 CD-ROM.</ref>
|-
| Permian basin, New Mexico || High || [[Permian]] || Indirect/Direct || Broadhead,<ref name=Broadhead_1984>Broadhead, R. F., 1984, Geology of gas production from tight Abo red beds, east central New Mexico: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 82, no. 24, p. 147-158.</ref> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Albuquerque basin, New Mexico || Moderate/High || Cretaceous || Direct || Johnson et al.<ref name=Johnsonetal_2001>Johnson, R. C., T. M. Finn, and V. F. Nuccio, 2001, [http://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2184-c/ Potential for basin-centered gas accumulation in the Albuquerque basin, New Mexico]: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2184-C, 21 p.</ref> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Anadarko basin, Oklahoma || High || [[Pennsylvanian]] || Indirect || Al-Shaieb et al.,<ref name=Alshaiebetal_1994>Al-Shaieb, Z., J. Puckette, A. Abdalla, and P. B. Ely, 1994, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/memoir61/ch04/0055.htm Megacompartment complex in the Anadarko basin: A completely sealed overpressured phenomenon], ''in'' P. J. Ortoleva, ed., Basin compartments and seals: AAPG Memoir 61, p. 55-62.</ref> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Midcontinent Rift, Minnesota and Iowa || Low/Moderate || [[Precambrian]] || Indirect/Direct || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Arkoma basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma || High || Pennsylvanian || Direct || Meckel et al.,<ref name=Meckeletal_1992>Meckel, L. D., D. G. Smith, and L. A. Wells, 1992, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/basinar3/data/a136/a136/0001/0400/0427.htm Ouachita foredeep basins: Regional paleogeography and habitat of hydrocarbons], ''in'' R. W. Macqueen and D. A. Leckie, eds., Foreland basins and fold belts: AAPG Memoir 55, p. 427-444.</ref> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Gulf Coast, United States || High || Cretaceous || Indirect || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| East Texas basin, Texas || High || [[Jurassic]] || Indirect ? || Montgomery and Karlewiz,<ref name=Montgomeryandkarlewicz_2001>Montgomery, S. L., and R. Karlewicz, 2001, Bossier play has room to grow: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 99, no. 5, p. 36-42.</ref> Emme and Stancil<ref name=Emmeandstancil_2002>Emme, J., and B. Stancil, 2002, Anadarko's Bossier gas play-a sleeping giant in a mature basin (abs.): AAPG Annual Meeting Program, v. 11, p. A50.</ref>
|-
| Black Warrior basin, Alabama and Mississippi || Moderate/High || Pennsylvanian || Direct || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Michigan basin, Michigan || Low/Moderate || [[Ordovician]] || ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Appalachian basin, eastern United States || High || [[Silurian]]/[[Devonian]] || Indirect || Davis,<ref name=Davis_1984>Davis, T. B., 1984, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/fieldst4/data/a013/a013/0001/0150/0189.htm Subsurface pressure profiles in gas saturated basins], ''in'' J. A. Masters, ed., Elmworth-case study of a deep basin gas field: AAPG Memoir 38, p. 189-203.</ref> Law and Spencer,<ref name=Lawandspencer_1993>Law, B. E., and C. W. Spencer, 1993, Gas in tight reservoirs-an emerging source of energy, ''in'' D. G. Howell, ed., The future of energy gases: [http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1570 U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1570], p. 233-252.</ref> Law and Spencer,<ref name=Lawandspencer_1998 /> Popov et al.,<ref name=Popovetal_2001 /> Ryder and Zagorski<ref name=Ryderandzagorski_2003>Ryder, R. T., and W. A. Zagorski, 2003, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/05may/0847/0847.HTM Nature, origin, and production characteristics of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, central Appalachian basin, United States]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 87, no. 5, p. 847-872.</ref>
|-
| colspan=5 | <div style="text-align: center;">'''SOUTH AMERICA'''</div>
|-
|Chaco basin, Bolivia || Moderate || Devonian || ? || Williams et al.<ref name=Williamsetal_1995>Williams, K. E., B. J. Radovich, and J. W. Brett, 1995, Exploration for deep gas in the Devonian Chaco basin of southern Bolivia: Sequence stratigraphy, prediction, and well results (abs.): AAPG Annual Convention, Abstracts with Program, v. 4, p. A104.</ref>
|-
| Neuquen basin, Argentina || High || ? || ? || Fernandez-Sevesco and Surdam<ref name=Fernandezsevescoandsurdam_1997>Fernandez-Sevesco, F., and R. C. Surdam, 1997, A new exploration approach in the search for anomalously pressured hydrocarbon accumulations in the Neuquen Basin, Argentina (abs.): AAPG International Conference and Exhibition Program, p. A16.</ref>
|-
| colspan=5 | <div style="text-align: center;">'''EUROPE'''</div>
|-
| Timan-Pechora basin, Russa || High || Permian || Direct || Law et al.<ref name=Lawetal_1996>Law, B. E., V. I. Bogatsky, S. . Danilevsky, L. V. Galkina, G. F. Ulmishek, and C. W. Spencer, 1996, Basin-centered gas accumulations in the Timan-Pechora basin, Russia (abs.): AAPG Annual Convention Program, v. 5, p. A81.</ref>
|-
| Dnieper-Donets basin, Ukraine || High || [[Carboniferous]] || Direct || Law et al.<ref name=Lawetal_1998b>Law, B. E., G. F. Ulmishek, B. P. Kabyshev, N. T. Pashova, and V. A. Krivosheya, 1998, Basin-centered gas evaluated in Dnieper-Donets basin, Donbas foldbelt, Ukraine: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 100, no. 30, p. 74-78.</ref>
|-
| West Netherlands basin, Netherlands || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Vlieland basin, Netherlands || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Polish basin, Poland || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Upper Silesian basin, Poland || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Bekes basin, Hungary || Moderate/High || Miocene || ? || Spencer et al.<ref name=Spenceretal_1994 />
|-
| German basin, Germany || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Ruhr basin, Germany || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Thuringian basin, Germany || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Subhercynian basin, Germany || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Lower Saxony basin, Germany || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Saar-Nahe basin, Germany and France || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Rhine graben, Germany and France || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Nord-pas-de-Calais basin, France || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Lorraine basin, France || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Bresse basin, France || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Southeast basin, France || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Vienna basin, Austria and Slovakia || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Alpine Foreland basin, Switzerland || High || Permian/Carboniferous || Direct || Schegg et al.<ref name=Scheggetal_1997>Schegge, R., W. Leu, and E. Greber, 1997, New exploration concepts spark Swiss gas, oil prospects: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 95, no. 39, p. 102-106.</ref>
|-
| colspan=5 | <div style="text-align: center;">'''ASIA-PACIFIC'''</div>
|-
| Sichuan basin, China || High || Permian/[[Triassic]] || Direct ? || Da-jun and Yun-ho,<ref name=Dajunandyunho_1994>Da-jun, P., and L. Yun-ho, 1994, Genetic mechanism of abnormal pressure, pressure seals, and natural gas accumulation in carbonate reservoirs, Sichuan basin: Proceedings of the AAPG Research Conference Abnormal Pressures in Hydrocarbon Environments, unpaginated.</ref> Ryder et al.<ref name=Ryderetal_1994>Ryder, R. T., D. D. Rice, Z. Sun, Y. Zhanz, Y. Qui, and Z. Guo, 1994, Petroleum geology of the Sichuan basin China-report on U.S. Geological Survey and Chinese Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, field investigation and meeting, October 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-426, 67 p.</ref>
|-
| Ordos Basin, China || High || Permian || ? ||
|-
| Jungar basin, China || High || Permian || ? || Zha et al.<ref name=Zhaetal_1999>Zha, M., W. Zhang, and Q. Jiangxiu, 1999, Overpressured compartments in Junggar basin, northwest of China: Mechanisms and hydrocarbon distribution (abs.): AAPG Annual Convention, Program with Abstracts, v. 8, p. A158-159.</ref>
|-
| Taranaki Basin, New Zealand || High || Eocene || Direct ||
|-
| Gippsland Basin, Australia || Moderate || Lower Tertiary/Cretaceous || Direct || Stainforth<ref name=Stainforth_1984>Stainforth, J.G., 1984, Gippsland hydrocarbons-a perspective from the basin edge: Australian Petroleum Exploration Association Journal, v. 24, p. 91-100.</ref>
|-
| Barrow Subbasin, Australia || High || Jurassic || ? || He and Middleton<ref name=Heandmiddleton_2002>He, S., and M. Middleton, 2002, Pressure seal and modeling of the Jurassic overpressure in the Barrow Sub-basin, northwest shelf of Australia (abs.): AAPG Annual Meeting Program, v. 11, p. A74.</ref>
|-
| Perth basin (onshore), Australia || Moderate || Jurassic || ? || Crostella<ref name=Crostella_1995a>Crostella, A., 1995, An evaluation of the hydrocarbon potential of the onshore Northern Perth basin, western Australia: Geological Survey of Western Australia Report 43, 67 p.</ref>
|-
| Carnarvon Basin, Australia || Low/Moderate || Permian || ? || Crostella<ref name=Crostella_1995b>Crostella, A., 1995, Structural evolution and hydrocarbon potential of the Merlinliegh and Byro sub-basins, Canarvon basin, western Australia: Geological Survey of Western Australia Report 45, 35 p.</ref>
|-
| Khorat Plateau basin, Thailand-Laos || Low || Triassic/Jurassic || ? || Smith and Stokes<ref name=Smithandstokes_1997>Smith, P. F. L., and R. B. Stokes, 1997, Geology and petroleum potential of the Khorat Plateau Basin in the Vientiane area of Lao P.D.R.: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 20, p. 27-50.</ref>
|-
| colspan=5 | <div style="text-align: center;">'''SOUTH ASIA'''</div>
|-
| Vendian basin, India || Low/Moderate || Precambrian || ? ||
|-
| Suliaman range foreland, Pakistan || Low || Cretaceous || Direct ? ||
|-
| colspan=5 | <div style="text-align: center;">'''MIDDLE EAST'''</div>
|-
| Risha area, Jordan || High || Ordovician || Indirect || Ahlbrandt et al.<ref name=Ahlbrandtetal_1997>Ahlbrandt, T. S., O. A. Okasheh, and M. Lewan, 1997, A Middle East basin center hydrocarbon accumulation in Paleozoic rocks, eastern Jordan, western Iraq, and surrounding areas (abs.): AAPG International Conference and Exhibition, p. A1-A2.</ref>
|-
| colspan=5 | <div style="text-align: center;">'''AFRICA'''</div>
|-
| Ahnet basin, Algeria || High || Cambrian/Ordovician || Indirect ||
|-
| Benue trough, Nigeria || Moderate/High || Cretaceous || Direct || Obaje and Abaa<ref name=Obajeandabaa_1996>Obaje, N. G., and S. I. Abaa, 1996, Potential for col-derived gaseous hydrocarbons in the middle Benue Trough of Nigeria: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 19, p. 77-94.</ref>
|}
Worldwide, there are only a few references available alluding to the presence of BCGAs (Table 1). Many more areas undoubtedly contain BCGAs, but because of the poor understanding of the concepts of BCGSs in countries outside North America, the global distribution of BCGAs is poorly known. For example, in North America, many Rocky Mountain basins contain direct BCGAs. By analogy with Rocky Mountain basins, it is likely that many of the Andean foreland basins of South America also contain BCGAs. Several of the basins in the Middle East and North Africa probably contain indirect BCGAs similar to those in Jordan and Algeria.
The stratigraphic distribution of BCGAs extends from the Cambrian through the Eocene (Table 1). However, there appear to be some differences in the stratigraphic distribution of direct and indirect BCGAs. For example, the preponderance of direct BCGAs occur in Cretaceous through Eocene rocks (Table 1), whereas indirect BCGAs more commonly occur in pre-Cretaceous rocks. Although some of the apparent difference in stratigraphic distribution may be attributable to the disproportionate number of studies in Cretaceous and younger rocks compared to numbers of studies in pre-Cretaceous rocks, the question of seal integrity in direct systems arises. As previously discussed, the effective life of capillary pressure seals in direct systems is not known; therefore, because of the perceptions of a leaky seal in direct systems, the occurrence of direct systems in pre-Cretaceous rocks may be less common than in Cretaceous and younger rocks. Some examples, however, of pre-Cretaceous direct BCGAs include Permian rocks in the Timan-Pechora basin, Russia (Law et al., 1996), and the Sichuan basin, China (Da-jun and Yun-ho, 1994); Pennsylvanian rocks in the Arkoma basin (Meckel et al., 1992); and Carboniferous rocks in the Dnieper-Donets basin, Ukraine (Law et al., 1998b) (Table 1).
Indirect BCGAs occur in rocks ranging from Cambrian through Cretaceous. Examples include Cambrian and Ordovician reservoirs in the Ahnet basin of Algeria, Ordovician reservoirs in Jordan (Ahlbrandt et al., 1997), Lower Silurian reservoirs in the Appalachian basin (Davis, 1984; Law and Dickinson, 1985; Zagorski, 1988, 1991; Law and Spencer, 1993; Law et al., 1998a; Ryder and Zagorski, forthcoming), and Jurassic sandstone reservoirs in the Bossier Shale (Montgomery and Karlewicz, 2001; Emme and Stancil, 2002) in the United States Gulf Coast (Table 1).
==References==
{{reflist}}
==See also==
* [[Basin-centered gas]]
* [[Basin-centered gas systems: historical development and classification]]
* [[Basin-centered gas systems]]
* [[Basin-centered gas systems: elements and processes]]
* [[Basin-centered gas systems: examples]]
* [[Basin-centered gas systems: gas resources]]
* [[Basin-centered gas systems: development]]
* [[Basin-centered gas systems: evaluation and exploration strategies]]
* [[Tight gas reservoirs: evaluation]]
==External links==
{{search}}
| image = Nov2002.jpg
| width = 120px
| series = ''AAPG Bulletin,'' November 2002
| title = Basin-centered gas systems
| part =
| chapter =
| frompg = 1891
| topg = 1919
| author = Ben E. Law
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2002/11nov/1891/1891.htm
| pdf =
| store =
| isbn =
}}
[[file:BasinCenteredGasFig13.jpg|thumb|400px|{{figure number|1}}Map of the United States showing the geographic distribution of known and potential BCGAs.]]
The global distribution of basin-centered gas accumulations (BCGAs) is poorly known, and knowledge of the stratigraphic distribution of BCGAs is incomplete. Even in North America, where most of the exploration activity for BCGAs has occurred, the geographic distribution is not well known. [[:file:BasinCenteredGasFig13.jpg|Figure 1]] shows the locations of known and suspected BCGAs in the United States. A tabulation of these areas, as well as areas outside North America, is shown in Table 1. The geographic distribution of BCGAs is probably best known in the Rocky Mountain region, where a considerable amount of research has occurred.
{| class = "wikitable"
|-
|+ {{table number|1}}Selected areas or basins containing known or suspected basin-centered gas systems
|-
! Area || Level of certainty || Age || Type of system || Reference
|-
| colspan=5 | <div style="text-align: center;">'''NORTH AMERICA'''</div>
|-
| Colville basin, Alaska || High || [[Cretaceous]] || Direct ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001>Popov, M. A., V. F. Nuccio, T. S. Dyman, T. A. Gognat, R. C. Johnson, J. W. Schmoker, M. S. Wilson, and C. Bartberger, 2001, Basin-centered gas systems of the U.S.:U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-135, Version 1.0, 1 CD-ROM.</ref>
|-
| Central Alaska basins || Low/Moderate || ? || ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Cook Inlet, Alaska || Low || pre-Tertiary || ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Norton Basin, Alaska || High || [[Eocene]]/[[Paleocene]] || Direct || Smith<ref name=Smith_1994>Smith, J. T., 1994, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/methodo2/data/a077/a077/0001/0000/0025.htm Petroleum system logic as an exploration tool in a frontier setting], ''in'' L. B. Magoon and W. G. Dow, eds., The petroleum system-from source to trap: AAPG Memoir 60, p. 25-49.</ref>
|-
| Alberta basin, Canada || High || Cretaceous || Direct || Masters<ref name=Masters_1979>Masters, J. A., 1979, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1977-79/data/pg/0063/0002/0150/0152.htm Deep basin gas trap, western Canada]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 63, p. 152-181.</ref> <ref name=Masters_1984>Masters, J. A., ed., 1984, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/alt-browse/aapg-special-volumes/m38.htm Elmworth-case study of a deep basin gas field]: AAPG Memoir 38, 316 p.</ref>
|-
| Charlotte-Georgia Basin, Canada || Low/Moderate || Tertiary/Cretaceous || Direct ? ||
|-
| Willamette-Puget Sound Trough, Washington and Oregon || Moderate/High || Tertiary || Direct ? || Law,<ref name=Law_1996>Law, B. E., 1996, Southwestern Wyoming province (037), ''in'' D. L. Gautier, G. L. Dolton, K. I. Takahashi, and K. L. Varnes, eds., [http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-030/ 1995 national assessment of United States oil and gas resources-results, methodology, and supporting data]: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-30, Release 2, 1 CD-ROM.</ref> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Columbia basin, Washington || High || Tertiary || Direct || Law et al.,<ref name=Lawetal_1994>Law, B. E., M. E. Tennyson, and S. Y. Johnson 1994, Basin-centered gas accumulations in the Pacific Northwest-a potentially large source of energy (abs.): AAPG Annual Meeting Program, v. 3, p. 194.</ref> Law<ref name=Law_1996 />
|-
| Modoc Plateau, California || Low/Moderate || Cretaceous || Direct ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Sacramento/San Joaquin basins, California || Low/Moderate || Cretaceous || ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Great Basin, Nevada || Low || Tertiary ? || ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Snake River Plain, Idaho || Low/Moderate || Tertiary ? || ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Big Horn basin, Wyoming || High || Lower Tertiary/Cretaceous || Direct || Johnson et al.<ref name=Johnsonetal_1999 />
|-
| Wind River basn, Wyoming || High || Cretaceous || Direct || Johnson et al.<ref name=Johnsonetal_1996 />
|-
| Greater Green River basin, Wyoming || High || Lower Tertiary/Cretaceous || Direct || Law et al.,<ref name=Lawetal_1979>Law, B. E., C. W. Spencer, and N. H. Bostic, 1979, Preliminary results of organic maturation, temperature, and pressure studies in the Pacific Creek area, Sublette County, Wyoming, ''in'' 5th Department of Energy symposium on enhanced oil and gas recovery and improved drilling methods, v. 3-oil and gas recovery: Tulsa, Oklahoma, Petroleum Publishing, p. K-2/1-K-2/13.</ref> Law et al.,<ref name=Lawetal_1980>Law, B. E., C. W. Spencer, and N. H. Bostick, 1980, Evaluation of organic maturation, subsurface temperature, and pressure with regard to gas generation in low-permeability Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary strata in the Pacific Creek area, Sublette County, Wyoming: Mountain Geologist, v. 17, no. 2, p. 23-35.</ref> McPeek,<ref name=Mcpeek_1981>McPeek, L. A., 1981, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1980-81/data/pg/0065/0006/1050/1078.htm Eastern Green River basin-a developing giant gas supply from deep, overpressured Upper Cretaceous sandstones]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 65, p. 1078-1098.</ref> Law,<ref name=Law_1984 /> Law et al.<ref name=Lawetal_1989>Law, B. E., C. W. Spencer, R. R. Charpentier, R. A. Crovelli, R. F. Mast, G. L. Dolton, and C. J. Wandrey, 1989, Estimates of gas resources in overpressured low-permeability Cretaceous and Tertiary sandstone reservoirs, Greater Green River basin, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah: 40th Annual Field Conference, Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook, p. 39-61.</ref>
|-
| Hanna basin, Wyoming || High || Cretaceous || Direct || Popov et al.,<ref name=Popovetal_2001 /> Wilson et al.<ref name=Wilsonetal_2001>Wilson, M. S., T. S. Dyman, and V. F. Nuccio, 2001, [http://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2184-a/ Potential for deep basin-centered gas accumulations in Hanna basin, Wyoming]: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2184-A, 12 p.</ref>
|-
| Powder River basin, Wyoming || High || Cretaceous || ? || Surdam et al.,<ref name=Surdametal_1994>Surdam, R. C., Z. S. Jiao, and R. S. Martinsen, 1994, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/memoir61/ch15/0213.htm The regional pressure regime in Cretaceous sandstones and shales in the Powder River basin], ''in'' P. J. Ortoleva, ed., Basin compartments and seals: AAPG Memoir 61, p. 213-233.</ref> Maucione et al.<ref name=Maucioneetal_1994>Maucion, D., V. Serebryakov, P. Valasek, Y. Wang, and S. Smithson, 1994, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/memoir61/ch22/0333.htm A sonic log study of abnormally pressured zones in the Powder River basin of Wyoming], ''in'' P. J. Ortoleva, ed., Basin compartments and seals: AAPG Memoir 61, p. 333-348.</ref>
|-
| Wasatch Plateau, Utah || Moderate/High || Cretaceous || Direct || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Uinta basin, Utah || High || Lower [[Tertiary]]/Cretaceous || Direct || Fouch et al.,<ref name=Fouchetal_1992>Fouch, T. D., V. F. Nuccio, J. C. Osmond, L. MacMillan, W. B. Cachion, and C. J. Wandrey, 1992, Oil and gas in uppermost Cretaceous and Tertiary rock, Uinta basin, Utah, ''in'' T. D. Fouch, V. F. Nuccio, and T. C. Chidsey Jr., eds., Hydrocarbon and mineral resources of the Uinta basin, Utah and Colorado: Utah Geological Association Guidebook 20, p. 9-47.</ref> Fouch and Schmoker,<ref name=Fouchandschmoker_1996>Fouch, T. D., and J. W. Schmoker, 1996, Tight gas plays of the Uinta basin, ''in'' D. L. Gautier, G. L. Dolton, K. I. Takahashi, and K. L. Varnes, eds, [http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-030/ 1995 national assessment of United States oil and gas resources-results, methodology, and supporting data]: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-30, Release 2, 1 CD-ROM.</ref> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Piceance basin, Colorado || High || Cretaceous || Direct || Johnson et al.,<ref name=Johnsonetal_1987 /> Spencer,<ref name=Spencer_1987>Spencer, C. W., 1987, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1986-87/data/pg/0071/0004/0350/0368.htm Hydrocarbon generation as a mechanism for overpressuring in Rocky Mountain region]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 71, p. 368-388.</ref> Spencer<ref name=Spencer_1989a>Spencer, C. W., 1989, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1988-89/data/pg/0073/0005/0600/0613.htm Review of characteristics of low-permeability gas reservoirs in western United States]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 73, p. 613-629.</ref>
|-
| South Park basin, Colorado || Moderate/High || Cretaceous || Direct/Indirect || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Raton basin, New Mexico and Colorado || High || Tertiary/Cretaceous || Direct/Indirect || Johnson and Finn,<ref name=Johnsonandfinn_2001>Johnson, R. C., and T. M. Finn, 2001, [http://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2184-b/ Potential for basin-centered gas accumulation in the Raton basin, Colorado and New Mexico]: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2184-B, 14 p.</ref> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Denver basin, Colorado || High || Cretaceous || Direct/Indirect || Higley et al.,<ref name=Higleyetal_1992>Higley, D. K., D. L. Gautier, and M. J. Pawlewicz, 1992, Influence of regional head flow variation on thermal maturity of the Lower Cretaceous Muddy ("J") Sandstone, Denver basin, Colorado, ''in'' [http://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2007/report.pdf The petroleum system-status of research and methods, 1992]: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2007, p. 66-69.</ref> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| San Juan basin, New Mexico and Colorado || High || Cretaceous || Direct || Silver,<ref name=Silver_1950>Silver, C., 1950, The occurrence of gas in the Cretaceous rocks of the San Juan basin, New Mexico and Colorado: New Mexico Geological Society, First Field Conference, San Juan basin, p. 109-123.</ref> Masters,<ref name=Masters_1979 /> Huffman<ref name=Huffman_1996>Huffman, A. C., 1996, San Juan basin province, ''in'' D. L. Gautier, G. L. Dolton, K. I. Takahashi, and K. L. Varnes, eds, [http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-030/ 1995 national assessment of United States oil and gas resources-results, methodology, and supporting data]: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-30, Release 2, 1 CD-ROM.</ref>
|-
| Permian basin, New Mexico || High || [[Permian]] || Indirect/Direct || Broadhead,<ref name=Broadhead_1984>Broadhead, R. F., 1984, Geology of gas production from tight Abo red beds, east central New Mexico: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 82, no. 24, p. 147-158.</ref> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Albuquerque basin, New Mexico || Moderate/High || Cretaceous || Direct || Johnson et al.<ref name=Johnsonetal_2001>Johnson, R. C., T. M. Finn, and V. F. Nuccio, 2001, [http://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2184-c/ Potential for basin-centered gas accumulation in the Albuquerque basin, New Mexico]: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2184-C, 21 p.</ref> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Anadarko basin, Oklahoma || High || [[Pennsylvanian]] || Indirect || Al-Shaieb et al.,<ref name=Alshaiebetal_1994>Al-Shaieb, Z., J. Puckette, A. Abdalla, and P. B. Ely, 1994, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/memoir61/ch04/0055.htm Megacompartment complex in the Anadarko basin: A completely sealed overpressured phenomenon], ''in'' P. J. Ortoleva, ed., Basin compartments and seals: AAPG Memoir 61, p. 55-62.</ref> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Midcontinent Rift, Minnesota and Iowa || Low/Moderate || [[Precambrian]] || Indirect/Direct || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Arkoma basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma || High || Pennsylvanian || Direct || Meckel et al.,<ref name=Meckeletal_1992>Meckel, L. D., D. G. Smith, and L. A. Wells, 1992, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/basinar3/data/a136/a136/0001/0400/0427.htm Ouachita foredeep basins: Regional paleogeography and habitat of hydrocarbons], ''in'' R. W. Macqueen and D. A. Leckie, eds., Foreland basins and fold belts: AAPG Memoir 55, p. 427-444.</ref> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Gulf Coast, United States || High || Cretaceous || Indirect || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| East Texas basin, Texas || High || [[Jurassic]] || Indirect ? || Montgomery and Karlewiz,<ref name=Montgomeryandkarlewicz_2001>Montgomery, S. L., and R. Karlewicz, 2001, Bossier play has room to grow: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 99, no. 5, p. 36-42.</ref> Emme and Stancil<ref name=Emmeandstancil_2002>Emme, J., and B. Stancil, 2002, Anadarko's Bossier gas play-a sleeping giant in a mature basin (abs.): AAPG Annual Meeting Program, v. 11, p. A50.</ref>
|-
| Black Warrior basin, Alabama and Mississippi || Moderate/High || Pennsylvanian || Direct || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Michigan basin, Michigan || Low/Moderate || [[Ordovician]] || ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
|-
| Appalachian basin, eastern United States || High || [[Silurian]]/[[Devonian]] || Indirect || Davis,<ref name=Davis_1984>Davis, T. B., 1984, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/fieldst4/data/a013/a013/0001/0150/0189.htm Subsurface pressure profiles in gas saturated basins], ''in'' J. A. Masters, ed., Elmworth-case study of a deep basin gas field: AAPG Memoir 38, p. 189-203.</ref> Law and Spencer,<ref name=Lawandspencer_1993>Law, B. E., and C. W. Spencer, 1993, Gas in tight reservoirs-an emerging source of energy, ''in'' D. G. Howell, ed., The future of energy gases: [http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1570 U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1570], p. 233-252.</ref> Law and Spencer,<ref name=Lawandspencer_1998 /> Popov et al.,<ref name=Popovetal_2001 /> Ryder and Zagorski<ref name=Ryderandzagorski_2003>Ryder, R. T., and W. A. Zagorski, 2003, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/05may/0847/0847.HTM Nature, origin, and production characteristics of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, central Appalachian basin, United States]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 87, no. 5, p. 847-872.</ref>
|-
| colspan=5 | <div style="text-align: center;">'''SOUTH AMERICA'''</div>
|-
|Chaco basin, Bolivia || Moderate || Devonian || ? || Williams et al.<ref name=Williamsetal_1995>Williams, K. E., B. J. Radovich, and J. W. Brett, 1995, Exploration for deep gas in the Devonian Chaco basin of southern Bolivia: Sequence stratigraphy, prediction, and well results (abs.): AAPG Annual Convention, Abstracts with Program, v. 4, p. A104.</ref>
|-
| Neuquen basin, Argentina || High || ? || ? || Fernandez-Sevesco and Surdam<ref name=Fernandezsevescoandsurdam_1997>Fernandez-Sevesco, F., and R. C. Surdam, 1997, A new exploration approach in the search for anomalously pressured hydrocarbon accumulations in the Neuquen Basin, Argentina (abs.): AAPG International Conference and Exhibition Program, p. A16.</ref>
|-
| colspan=5 | <div style="text-align: center;">'''EUROPE'''</div>
|-
| Timan-Pechora basin, Russa || High || Permian || Direct || Law et al.<ref name=Lawetal_1996>Law, B. E., V. I. Bogatsky, S. . Danilevsky, L. V. Galkina, G. F. Ulmishek, and C. W. Spencer, 1996, Basin-centered gas accumulations in the Timan-Pechora basin, Russia (abs.): AAPG Annual Convention Program, v. 5, p. A81.</ref>
|-
| Dnieper-Donets basin, Ukraine || High || [[Carboniferous]] || Direct || Law et al.<ref name=Lawetal_1998b>Law, B. E., G. F. Ulmishek, B. P. Kabyshev, N. T. Pashova, and V. A. Krivosheya, 1998, Basin-centered gas evaluated in Dnieper-Donets basin, Donbas foldbelt, Ukraine: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 100, no. 30, p. 74-78.</ref>
|-
| West Netherlands basin, Netherlands || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Vlieland basin, Netherlands || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Polish basin, Poland || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Upper Silesian basin, Poland || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Bekes basin, Hungary || Moderate/High || Miocene || ? || Spencer et al.<ref name=Spenceretal_1994 />
|-
| German basin, Germany || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Ruhr basin, Germany || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Thuringian basin, Germany || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Subhercynian basin, Germany || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Lower Saxony basin, Germany || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Saar-Nahe basin, Germany and France || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Rhine graben, Germany and France || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Nord-pas-de-Calais basin, France || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Lorraine basin, France || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Bresse basin, France || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Southeast basin, France || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Vienna basin, Austria and Slovakia || Indeterminate || ? || ? ||
|-
| Alpine Foreland basin, Switzerland || High || Permian/Carboniferous || Direct || Schegg et al.<ref name=Scheggetal_1997>Schegge, R., W. Leu, and E. Greber, 1997, New exploration concepts spark Swiss gas, oil prospects: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 95, no. 39, p. 102-106.</ref>
|-
| colspan=5 | <div style="text-align: center;">'''ASIA-PACIFIC'''</div>
|-
| Sichuan basin, China || High || Permian/[[Triassic]] || Direct ? || Da-jun and Yun-ho,<ref name=Dajunandyunho_1994>Da-jun, P., and L. Yun-ho, 1994, Genetic mechanism of abnormal pressure, pressure seals, and natural gas accumulation in carbonate reservoirs, Sichuan basin: Proceedings of the AAPG Research Conference Abnormal Pressures in Hydrocarbon Environments, unpaginated.</ref> Ryder et al.<ref name=Ryderetal_1994>Ryder, R. T., D. D. Rice, Z. Sun, Y. Zhanz, Y. Qui, and Z. Guo, 1994, Petroleum geology of the Sichuan basin China-report on U.S. Geological Survey and Chinese Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, field investigation and meeting, October 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-426, 67 p.</ref>
|-
| Ordos Basin, China || High || Permian || ? ||
|-
| Jungar basin, China || High || Permian || ? || Zha et al.<ref name=Zhaetal_1999>Zha, M., W. Zhang, and Q. Jiangxiu, 1999, Overpressured compartments in Junggar basin, northwest of China: Mechanisms and hydrocarbon distribution (abs.): AAPG Annual Convention, Program with Abstracts, v. 8, p. A158-159.</ref>
|-
| Taranaki Basin, New Zealand || High || Eocene || Direct ||
|-
| Gippsland Basin, Australia || Moderate || Lower Tertiary/Cretaceous || Direct || Stainforth<ref name=Stainforth_1984>Stainforth, J.G., 1984, Gippsland hydrocarbons-a perspective from the basin edge: Australian Petroleum Exploration Association Journal, v. 24, p. 91-100.</ref>
|-
| Barrow Subbasin, Australia || High || Jurassic || ? || He and Middleton<ref name=Heandmiddleton_2002>He, S., and M. Middleton, 2002, Pressure seal and modeling of the Jurassic overpressure in the Barrow Sub-basin, northwest shelf of Australia (abs.): AAPG Annual Meeting Program, v. 11, p. A74.</ref>
|-
| Perth basin (onshore), Australia || Moderate || Jurassic || ? || Crostella<ref name=Crostella_1995a>Crostella, A., 1995, An evaluation of the hydrocarbon potential of the onshore Northern Perth basin, western Australia: Geological Survey of Western Australia Report 43, 67 p.</ref>
|-
| Carnarvon Basin, Australia || Low/Moderate || Permian || ? || Crostella<ref name=Crostella_1995b>Crostella, A., 1995, Structural evolution and hydrocarbon potential of the Merlinliegh and Byro sub-basins, Canarvon basin, western Australia: Geological Survey of Western Australia Report 45, 35 p.</ref>
|-
| Khorat Plateau basin, Thailand-Laos || Low || Triassic/Jurassic || ? || Smith and Stokes<ref name=Smithandstokes_1997>Smith, P. F. L., and R. B. Stokes, 1997, Geology and petroleum potential of the Khorat Plateau Basin in the Vientiane area of Lao P.D.R.: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 20, p. 27-50.</ref>
|-
| colspan=5 | <div style="text-align: center;">'''SOUTH ASIA'''</div>
|-
| Vendian basin, India || Low/Moderate || Precambrian || ? ||
|-
| Suliaman range foreland, Pakistan || Low || Cretaceous || Direct ? ||
|-
| colspan=5 | <div style="text-align: center;">'''MIDDLE EAST'''</div>
|-
| Risha area, Jordan || High || Ordovician || Indirect || Ahlbrandt et al.<ref name=Ahlbrandtetal_1997>Ahlbrandt, T. S., O. A. Okasheh, and M. Lewan, 1997, A Middle East basin center hydrocarbon accumulation in Paleozoic rocks, eastern Jordan, western Iraq, and surrounding areas (abs.): AAPG International Conference and Exhibition, p. A1-A2.</ref>
|-
| colspan=5 | <div style="text-align: center;">'''AFRICA'''</div>
|-
| Ahnet basin, Algeria || High || Cambrian/Ordovician || Indirect ||
|-
| Benue trough, Nigeria || Moderate/High || Cretaceous || Direct || Obaje and Abaa<ref name=Obajeandabaa_1996>Obaje, N. G., and S. I. Abaa, 1996, Potential for col-derived gaseous hydrocarbons in the middle Benue Trough of Nigeria: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 19, p. 77-94.</ref>
|}
Worldwide, there are only a few references available alluding to the presence of BCGAs (Table 1). Many more areas undoubtedly contain BCGAs, but because of the poor understanding of the concepts of BCGSs in countries outside North America, the global distribution of BCGAs is poorly known. For example, in North America, many Rocky Mountain basins contain direct BCGAs. By analogy with Rocky Mountain basins, it is likely that many of the Andean foreland basins of South America also contain BCGAs. Several of the basins in the Middle East and North Africa probably contain indirect BCGAs similar to those in Jordan and Algeria.
The stratigraphic distribution of BCGAs extends from the Cambrian through the Eocene (Table 1). However, there appear to be some differences in the stratigraphic distribution of direct and indirect BCGAs. For example, the preponderance of direct BCGAs occur in Cretaceous through Eocene rocks (Table 1), whereas indirect BCGAs more commonly occur in pre-Cretaceous rocks. Although some of the apparent difference in stratigraphic distribution may be attributable to the disproportionate number of studies in Cretaceous and younger rocks compared to numbers of studies in pre-Cretaceous rocks, the question of seal integrity in direct systems arises. As previously discussed, the effective life of capillary pressure seals in direct systems is not known; therefore, because of the perceptions of a leaky seal in direct systems, the occurrence of direct systems in pre-Cretaceous rocks may be less common than in Cretaceous and younger rocks. Some examples, however, of pre-Cretaceous direct BCGAs include Permian rocks in the Timan-Pechora basin, Russia (Law et al., 1996), and the Sichuan basin, China (Da-jun and Yun-ho, 1994); Pennsylvanian rocks in the Arkoma basin (Meckel et al., 1992); and Carboniferous rocks in the Dnieper-Donets basin, Ukraine (Law et al., 1998b) (Table 1).
Indirect BCGAs occur in rocks ranging from Cambrian through Cretaceous. Examples include Cambrian and Ordovician reservoirs in the Ahnet basin of Algeria, Ordovician reservoirs in Jordan (Ahlbrandt et al., 1997), Lower Silurian reservoirs in the Appalachian basin (Davis, 1984; Law and Dickinson, 1985; Zagorski, 1988, 1991; Law and Spencer, 1993; Law et al., 1998a; Ryder and Zagorski, forthcoming), and Jurassic sandstone reservoirs in the Bossier Shale (Montgomery and Karlewicz, 2001; Emme and Stancil, 2002) in the United States Gulf Coast (Table 1).
==References==
{{reflist}}
==See also==
* [[Basin-centered gas]]
* [[Basin-centered gas systems: historical development and classification]]
* [[Basin-centered gas systems]]
* [[Basin-centered gas systems: elements and processes]]
* [[Basin-centered gas systems: examples]]
* [[Basin-centered gas systems: gas resources]]
* [[Basin-centered gas systems: development]]
* [[Basin-centered gas systems: evaluation and exploration strategies]]
* [[Tight gas reservoirs: evaluation]]
==External links==
{{search}}