Changes

Depositional environment influences many aspects of sandstone diagenesis. The flow chart in [[:file:predicting-reservoir-system-quality-and-performance_fig9-51.png|Figure 1]] shows the interrelationship of depositional environment with the many factors controlling sandstone diagenesis.

Depositional environment influences many aspects of sandstone diagenesis. The flow chart in [[:file:predicting-reservoir-system-quality-and-performance_fig9-51.png|Figure 1]] shows the interrelationship of depositional environment with the many factors controlling sandstone diagenesis.

[[file:predicting-reservoir-system-quality-and-performance_fig9-51.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Flow chart showing the interrelationship of depositional environment with the many factors controlling sandstone diagenesis. After Stonecipher et al.<ref name=ch09r60>Stonecipher, S. A., Winn, R. D. Jr., Bishop, M. G., 1984, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/sandsto2/data/a059/a059/0001/0250/0289.htm Diagenesis of the Frontier Formation, Moxa Arch: a function of sandstone geometry, texture and composition, and fluid flux], in McDonald, D. A., Surdam, R. C., eds., Clastic Diagenesis: AAPG Memoir 37, p. 289–316.</ref>]]

[[file:predicting-reservoir-system-quality-and-performance_fig9-51.png|400px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Flow chart showing the interrelationship of depositional environment with the many factors controlling sandstone diagenesis. After Stonecipher et al.<ref name=ch09r60>Stonecipher, S. A., R. D. Winn, Jr., and M. G. Bishop, 1984, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/sandsto2/data/a059/a059/0001/0250/0289.htm Diagenesis of the Frontier Formation, Moxa Arch: a function of sandstone geometry, texture and composition, and fluid flux], in D. A. McDonald, and R. C. Surdam eds., Clastic Diagenesis: AAPG Memoir 37, p. 289–316.</ref>]]

==Sediment texture and composition==

==Sediment texture and composition==

Depositional environment affects sediment composition by determining the amount of reworking and [[Core_description#Maturity|sorting]] by size or hydraulic equivalence. Sediments that have a higher degree of reworking are more mechanically and chemically stable. The energy level of depositional environments affects sorting by size or hydraulic equivalence and consequently produces different detrital mineral suites.<ref name=Stonecipher&May1990>Stonecipher, S. A., and J. A. May, 1990, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/resmi1/data/a065/a065/0001/0000/0025.htm Facies controls on early diagenesis: Wilcox Group, Texas Gulf Coast], in D. Meshri and P.J. Ortoleva, eds., Prediction of Reservoir Quality Through Chemical Modeling, I: AAPG Memoir 49, p. 25–44.</ref>

Depositional environment affects sediment composition by determining the amount of reworking and [[Core_description#Maturity|sorting]] by size or hydraulic equivalence. Sediments that have a higher degree of reworking are more mechanically and chemically stable. The energy level of depositional environments affects sorting by size or hydraulic equivalence and consequently produces different detrital mineral suites.<ref name=Stonecipher&May1990>Stonecipher, S. A., and J. A. May, 1990, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/resmi1/data/a065/a065/0001/0000/0025.htm Facies controls on early diagenesis: Wilcox Group, Texas Gulf Coast], in D. Meshri and P. J. Ortoleva, eds., Prediction of Reservoir Quality Through Chemical Modeling, I: AAPG Memoir 49, p. 25–44.</ref>

For example, different facies of the Wilcox Group along the Gulf Coast of Texas have different compositions that are independent of their source area.<ref name=Stonecipher&May1990 /> Wilcox basal fluvial point bar sands are the coarsest and contain the highest proportion of nondisaggregated lithic fragments. Prodelta sands, deposited in a more distal setting, contain fine quartz, micas, and detrital clays that are products of disaggregation. Reworked sands, such as shoreline or tidal sands, are more quartzose.

For example, different facies of the Wilcox Group along the Gulf Coast of Texas have different compositions that are independent of their source area.<ref name=Stonecipher&May1990 /> Wilcox basal fluvial point bar sands are the coarsest and contain the highest proportion of nondisaggregated lithic fragments. Prodelta sands, deposited in a more distal setting, contain fine quartz, micas, and detrital clays that are products of disaggregation. Reworked sands, such as shoreline or tidal sands, are more quartzose.

==Depositional pore-water chemistry==

==Depositional pore-water chemistry==

Depositional pore-water chemistry of a sandstone is a function of depositional environment. Marine sediments typically have alkaline pore water. Nonmarine sediments have pore water with a variety of chemistries. In nonmarine sediments deposited in conditions that were warm and wet, the pore water is initially either acidic or anoxic and has a high concentration of dissolved mineral species.<ref name=ch09r7>Burley, S., D., Kantorowicz, J., D., Waugh, B., 1985, Clastic diagenesis, in Brenchley, P., J., Williams, B., P., J., eds., Sedimentology: Recent Developments and Applied Aspects: London, Blackwell Scientific Publications, p. 189–228.</ref>

Depositional pore-water chemistry of a sandstone is a function of depositional environment. Marine sediments typically have alkaline pore water. Nonmarine sediments have pore water with a variety of chemistries. In nonmarine sediments deposited in conditions that were warm and wet, the pore water is initially either acidic or anoxic and has a high concentration of dissolved mineral species.<ref name=ch09r7>Burley, S. D., J. D. Kantorowicz, and B. Waugh, 1985, Clastic diagenesis, in P. J. Brenchley, and B. P. J. Williams, eds., Sedimentology: Recent Developments and Applied Aspects: London, Blackwell Scientific Publications, p. 189–228.</ref>

==Marine pore-water chemistry==

==Marine pore-water chemistry==