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→Petroleum systems
==Petroleum systems==
==Petroleum systems==
Recently, Cantrell et al. (2014)<ref name=Cantrelletal2014 /> reviewed the [[Tethyan Petroleum System]]s of [[Saudi Arabia]] where they describe two major petroleum systems: the [[Paleozoic Petroleum System|PPS]] related to the Paleo-Tethys and a [[Mesozoic Petroleum System]] (MPS) associated with the Neo-Tethys ([[:file:M114CH01FG04.jpg|Figure 4]]). The elements of the two petroleum systems (e.g., [[source]], [[reservoir]], and [[seal]] characteristics) show significant differences. The [[Paleozoic Petroleum System|PPS]] is [[siliciclastic]]-dominated, whereas the [[Mesozoic Petroleum System|MPS]] is [[carbonate]]-dominated. These two petroleum systems are separated in geological time by the closure of the Paleo-Tethys and the amalgamation of [[Pangea]], followed by subsequent breakup of [[Pangea]] and opening of the Neo-Tethys (Cantrell et al., 2014).
Recently, Cantrell et al. (2014)<ref name=Cantrelletal2014 /> reviewed the [[Tethyan Petroleum System]]s of [[Saudi Arabia]] where they describe two major petroleum systems: the [[Paleozoic Petroleum System|PPS]] related to the Paleo-Tethys and a [[Mesozoic Petroleum System]] (MPS) associated with the Neo-Tethys ([[:file:M114CH01FG04.jpg|Figure 4]]). The elements of the two petroleum systems (e.g., [[source]], [[reservoir]], and [[seal]] characteristics) show significant differences. The [[Paleozoic Petroleum System|PPS]] is [[siliciclastic]]-dominated, whereas the [[Mesozoic Petroleum System|MPS]] is [[carbonate]]-dominated. These two petroleum systems are separated in geological time by the closure of the Paleo-Tethys and the amalgamation of [[Pangea]], followed by subsequent breakup of [[Pangea]] and opening of the Neo-Tethys (Cantrell et al., 2014<ref name=Cantrelletal2014 />).
The key elements of the [[Mesozoic Petroleum System|MPS]] are shown in [[:file:M114CH01FG04.jpg|Figure 4]]. The [[Mesozoic Petroleum System|MPS]] contains the [[Jurassic]] [[Hanifa Formation|Hanifa]] and [[Tuwaiq Mountain Formation|Tuwaiq Mountain]] Formations as the principal source rocks, with an average resident [[TOC]] content of about 3.5 wt.%, and sometimes as high as 14.3 wt.% (Cantrell et al., 2014<ref name=Cantrelletal2014 />). The reservoirs extend from the Middle [[Jurassic]] to Upper [[Cretaceous]] [[carbonate]]s (the major reservoir being the [[Arab Formation]]). Regional [[seal]]s are provided by Arab [[anhydrite]]s and the evaporitic [[Hith Formation]]. The [[Mesozoic Petroleum System|MPS]] has been previously discussed in detail (e.g., Carrigan et al., 1994<ref name=Carriganetal1994>Carrigan, W. J., G. A. Cole, E. L. Colling, and P. J. Jones, 1994, Geochemistry of the Upper Jurassic Tuwaiq Mountain and Hanifa Formation petroleum source rocks of eastern Saudi Arabia, in B. J. Katz, ed., Petroleum source rocks: Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 67–87.</ref>; Cole et al., 1994<ref name=Coleetal1994>Cole, G. A., M. A. AbuAli, S. M. Aoudeh, W. J. Carrigan, H. H. Chen, E. L. Colling, et al., 1994, Organic geochemistry of the Paleozoic petroleum system of Saudi Arabia: Energy & Fuels, v. 8, p. 1425–1442.</ref>; Cantrell et al., 2014<ref name=Cantrelletal2014 />).
The key elements of the [[Mesozoic Petroleum System|MPS]] are shown in [[:file:M114CH01FG04.jpg|Figure 4]]. The [[Mesozoic Petroleum System|MPS]] contains the [[Jurassic]] [[Hanifa Formation|Hanifa]] and [[Tuwaiq Mountain Formation|Tuwaiq Mountain]] Formations as the principal source rocks, with an average resident [[TOC]] content of about 3.5 wt.%, and sometimes as high as 14.3 wt.% (Cantrell et al., 2014<ref name=Cantrelletal2014 />). The reservoirs extend from the Middle [[Jurassic]] to Upper [[Cretaceous]] [[carbonate]]s (the major reservoir being the [[Arab Formation]]). Regional [[seal]]s are provided by Arab [[anhydrite]]s and the evaporitic [[Hith Formation]]. The [[Mesozoic Petroleum System|MPS]] has been previously discussed in detail (e.g., Carrigan et al., 1994<ref name=Carriganetal1994>Carrigan, W. J., G. A. Cole, E. L. Colling, and P. J. Jones, 1994, Geochemistry of the Upper Jurassic Tuwaiq Mountain and Hanifa Formation petroleum source rocks of eastern Saudi Arabia, in B. J. Katz, ed., Petroleum source rocks: Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 67–87.</ref>; Cole et al., 1994<ref name=Coleetal1994>Cole, G. A., M. A. AbuAli, S. M. Aoudeh, W. J. Carrigan, H. H. Chen, E. L. Colling, et al., 1994, Organic geochemistry of the Paleozoic petroleum system of Saudi Arabia: Energy & Fuels, v. 8, p. 1425–1442.</ref>; Cantrell et al., 2014<ref name=Cantrelletal2014 />).
The Silurian Qusaiba shales, mainly basal hot shales and possibly, in a limited manner, the overlying warm shales, owing to organic richness and favorable maturity both in the northwest and east-central [[Arabian Basin]], have sourced [[Paleozoic]] oil and gas reservoirs and lately have been considered potential target for unconventional resources.
The Silurian Qusaiba shales, mainly basal hot shales and possibly, in a limited manner, the overlying warm shales, owing to organic richness and favorable maturity both in the northwest and east-central [[Arabian Basin]], have sourced [[Paleozoic]] oil and gas reservoirs and lately have been considered potential target for unconventional resources.
==See also==
==See also==