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Reflection configuration patterns (view source)
Revision as of 19:01, 22 January 2014
, 19:01, 22 January 2014Initial import
{{publication
| image = exploring-for-oil-and-gas-traps.png
| width = 120px
| series = Treatise in Petroleum Geology
| title = Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps
| part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps
| chapter = Exploring for stratigraphic traps
| frompg = 21-1
| topg = 21-68
| author = John C. Dolson, Mike S. Bahorich, Rick C. Tobin, Edward A. Beaumont, Louis J. Terlikoski, Michael L. Hendricks
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch21/ch21.htm
| pdf =
| store = http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545
| isbn = 0-89181-602-X
}}
==Groups of configuration patterns==
Reflection configuration patterns can be divided into three groups:
* Parallel—including subparallel and divergent
* Discontinuous
* Prograding—caused by lateral accretion of strata
==Parallel reflector patterns==
Parallel reflections include subparallel, wavy, and divergent. Parallel, subparallel, and wavy reflectors suggest uniform depositional rates on a uniformly subsiding surface, such as a shelf or basin plain. Divergent reflectors suggest lateral variations in depositional rates or progressive tilting of a depositional surface. The figure below shows reflection configurations for this group.
[[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-24.png|thumb|{{figure number|21-24}}.]]
==Discontinuous reflector patterns==
Five types of discontinuous reflector patterns that help interdepositional systems are shown in the figure below. Hummocky strata may be discontinuous point bars and crevasse splays. Chaotic reflectors suggest coarse-grained fluvial or turbidite channel fills. Contorted features may be shale-prone debris flows. Precise identification of depositional environments requires integration with other data.
[[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-25.png|thumb|{{figure number|21-25}}After .<ref name=ch21r31>Mitchum, R., M., Vail, P., R., Sangree, J., B., 1977, Seismic stratigraphy and global changes in sea level, part 6: stratigraphic interpretations of seismic reflection patterns in depositional sequences, in Payton, C., E., ed., Seismic Stratigraphy and [[Applications]] to Hydrocarbon Exploration: AAPG Memoir 26, p. 117–133.</ref>]]
==Prograding reflector patterns==
One of the most common depositional features observed in seismic sections are clinoforms manifested in a configuration pattern called ''offlap''. Clinoforms are progradational strata that form through the progressive development of gently sloping surfaces. Paleowater depths can be interpreted from the height of prograding clinoforms. The diagram below shows prograding reflectors and their possible depositional significance.
[[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-26.png|thumb|{{figure number|21-26}}After .<ref name=ch21r31 />]]
==Channel fill patterns==
Channels are expressed in seismic sections as negative relief features truncating the underlying strata. Fill patterns are shown in the figure below.
[[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-27.png|thumb|{{figure number|21-27}}.]]
==See also==
* [[Facies analysis]]
* [[Basics of seismic facies analysis]]
* [[Seismic facies mapping]]
* [[Analyzing individual reflectors]]
* [[Techniques for enhancing seismic facies analysis]]
* [[Analyzing lithofacies]]
* [[Petrophysical analysis of lithofacies]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{search}}
* [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch21/ch21.htm Original content in Datapages]
* [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545 Find the book in the AAPG Store]
[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]]
[[Category:Exploring for stratigraphic traps]]
| image = exploring-for-oil-and-gas-traps.png
| width = 120px
| series = Treatise in Petroleum Geology
| title = Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps
| part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps
| chapter = Exploring for stratigraphic traps
| frompg = 21-1
| topg = 21-68
| author = John C. Dolson, Mike S. Bahorich, Rick C. Tobin, Edward A. Beaumont, Louis J. Terlikoski, Michael L. Hendricks
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch21/ch21.htm
| pdf =
| store = http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545
| isbn = 0-89181-602-X
}}
==Groups of configuration patterns==
Reflection configuration patterns can be divided into three groups:
* Parallel—including subparallel and divergent
* Discontinuous
* Prograding—caused by lateral accretion of strata
==Parallel reflector patterns==
Parallel reflections include subparallel, wavy, and divergent. Parallel, subparallel, and wavy reflectors suggest uniform depositional rates on a uniformly subsiding surface, such as a shelf or basin plain. Divergent reflectors suggest lateral variations in depositional rates or progressive tilting of a depositional surface. The figure below shows reflection configurations for this group.
[[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-24.png|thumb|{{figure number|21-24}}.]]
==Discontinuous reflector patterns==
Five types of discontinuous reflector patterns that help interdepositional systems are shown in the figure below. Hummocky strata may be discontinuous point bars and crevasse splays. Chaotic reflectors suggest coarse-grained fluvial or turbidite channel fills. Contorted features may be shale-prone debris flows. Precise identification of depositional environments requires integration with other data.
[[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-25.png|thumb|{{figure number|21-25}}After .<ref name=ch21r31>Mitchum, R., M., Vail, P., R., Sangree, J., B., 1977, Seismic stratigraphy and global changes in sea level, part 6: stratigraphic interpretations of seismic reflection patterns in depositional sequences, in Payton, C., E., ed., Seismic Stratigraphy and [[Applications]] to Hydrocarbon Exploration: AAPG Memoir 26, p. 117–133.</ref>]]
==Prograding reflector patterns==
One of the most common depositional features observed in seismic sections are clinoforms manifested in a configuration pattern called ''offlap''. Clinoforms are progradational strata that form through the progressive development of gently sloping surfaces. Paleowater depths can be interpreted from the height of prograding clinoforms. The diagram below shows prograding reflectors and their possible depositional significance.
[[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-26.png|thumb|{{figure number|21-26}}After .<ref name=ch21r31 />]]
==Channel fill patterns==
Channels are expressed in seismic sections as negative relief features truncating the underlying strata. Fill patterns are shown in the figure below.
[[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-27.png|thumb|{{figure number|21-27}}.]]
==See also==
* [[Facies analysis]]
* [[Basics of seismic facies analysis]]
* [[Seismic facies mapping]]
* [[Analyzing individual reflectors]]
* [[Techniques for enhancing seismic facies analysis]]
* [[Analyzing lithofacies]]
* [[Petrophysical analysis of lithofacies]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{search}}
* [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch21/ch21.htm Original content in Datapages]
* [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545 Find the book in the AAPG Store]
[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]]
[[Category:Exploring for stratigraphic traps]]