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Procedure for basin-fill analysis (view source)
Revision as of 19:16, 22 January 2014
, 19:16, 22 January 2014Initial import
{{publication
| image = exploring-for-oil-and-gas-traps.png
| width = 120px
| series = Treatise in Petroleum Geology
| title = Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps
| part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps
| chapter = Exploring for stratigraphic traps
| frompg = 21-1
| topg = 21-68
| author = John C. Dolson, Mike S. Bahorich, Rick C. Tobin, Edward A. Beaumont, Louis J. Terlikoski, Michael L. Hendricks
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch21/ch21.htm
| pdf =
| store = http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545
| isbn = 0-89181-602-X
}}
==Objective==
The objective of basin-fill analysis is to integrate [[sequence stratigraphy]], geometrical analysis, seismic facies analysis, and lithofacies analysis to produce paleogeographic maps of depositional sequences.
==Procedure==
Below is a suggested procedure for basin-fill analysis.
{| class = "wikitable"
|-
! Step
! Action
|-
| 1
| Make a chronostratigraphic chart for the basin.
|-
| 2
| Combine sequence stratigraphic interpretations from seismic sections with sequence stratigraphic interpretations from well log cross sections.
|-
| 3
| Make paleogeographic maps of depositional sequences.
|-
| 4
| Identify the best locations for traps using a combination of paleogeography and sequence stratigraphy.
|}
==Chronostratigraphic charts==
A chronostratigraphic chart is a correlation chart with geologic time as the Y-axis and distance across the area of interest as the X-axis. A dip-oriented chronostratigraphic chart should be made. But we also should consider making strike-oriented chronostratigraphic charts, depending on the complexity of the stratigraphic section. A chronostratigraphic chart shows the following:<ref name=ch21r31>Mitchum, R., M., Vail, P., R., Sangree, J., B., 1977, Seismic stratigraphy and global changes in sea level, part 6: stratigraphic interpretations of seismic reflection patterns in depositional sequences, in Payton, C., E., ed., Seismic Stratigraphy and [[Applications]] to Hydrocarbon Exploration: AAPG Memoir 26, p. 117–133.</ref>
* Apparent geologic time of each sequence and time gaps between sequences
* Relationships of sequences to bounding unconformities, highlighting areas of onlap, downlap, toplap, and truncation
* Relationships and correlation of parasequences to a sequence
* Distribution of facies
Chronostratigraphic charts aid in stratigraphic mapping by showing facies relationships across the basin in terms of time so that paleogeographic maps can be made. They are also useful for structural analysis.
below is an example of a chronostratigraphic chart (A) correlated with a chart showing relative sea level changes (B).
[[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-33.png|thumb|{{figure number|21-33}}.]]
==Combining well and seismic data==
Combining well and [[seismic data]] is simple once the correlation between the two is established. [[Synthetic seismogram]]s establish these correlations. By combining lithofacies with seismic facies, stronger interpretations of the sedimentary section can be made away from well control. Seismic fades allow accurate correlation of lithofacies between wells. Lithofacies allow more detailed interpretation of seismic parameters, such as reflection patterns.
==See also==
* [[Basin-fill and trap analysis]]
* [[Mapping paleogeography]]
* [[Mapping unconformities]]
* [[Analyzing depositional sequences for traps]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{search}}
* [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch21/ch21.htm Original content in Datapages]
* [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545 Find the book in the AAPG Store]
[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]]
[[Category:Exploring for stratigraphic traps]]
| image = exploring-for-oil-and-gas-traps.png
| width = 120px
| series = Treatise in Petroleum Geology
| title = Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps
| part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps
| chapter = Exploring for stratigraphic traps
| frompg = 21-1
| topg = 21-68
| author = John C. Dolson, Mike S. Bahorich, Rick C. Tobin, Edward A. Beaumont, Louis J. Terlikoski, Michael L. Hendricks
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch21/ch21.htm
| pdf =
| store = http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545
| isbn = 0-89181-602-X
}}
==Objective==
The objective of basin-fill analysis is to integrate [[sequence stratigraphy]], geometrical analysis, seismic facies analysis, and lithofacies analysis to produce paleogeographic maps of depositional sequences.
==Procedure==
Below is a suggested procedure for basin-fill analysis.
{| class = "wikitable"
|-
! Step
! Action
|-
| 1
| Make a chronostratigraphic chart for the basin.
|-
| 2
| Combine sequence stratigraphic interpretations from seismic sections with sequence stratigraphic interpretations from well log cross sections.
|-
| 3
| Make paleogeographic maps of depositional sequences.
|-
| 4
| Identify the best locations for traps using a combination of paleogeography and sequence stratigraphy.
|}
==Chronostratigraphic charts==
A chronostratigraphic chart is a correlation chart with geologic time as the Y-axis and distance across the area of interest as the X-axis. A dip-oriented chronostratigraphic chart should be made. But we also should consider making strike-oriented chronostratigraphic charts, depending on the complexity of the stratigraphic section. A chronostratigraphic chart shows the following:<ref name=ch21r31>Mitchum, R., M., Vail, P., R., Sangree, J., B., 1977, Seismic stratigraphy and global changes in sea level, part 6: stratigraphic interpretations of seismic reflection patterns in depositional sequences, in Payton, C., E., ed., Seismic Stratigraphy and [[Applications]] to Hydrocarbon Exploration: AAPG Memoir 26, p. 117–133.</ref>
* Apparent geologic time of each sequence and time gaps between sequences
* Relationships of sequences to bounding unconformities, highlighting areas of onlap, downlap, toplap, and truncation
* Relationships and correlation of parasequences to a sequence
* Distribution of facies
Chronostratigraphic charts aid in stratigraphic mapping by showing facies relationships across the basin in terms of time so that paleogeographic maps can be made. They are also useful for structural analysis.
below is an example of a chronostratigraphic chart (A) correlated with a chart showing relative sea level changes (B).
[[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-33.png|thumb|{{figure number|21-33}}.]]
==Combining well and seismic data==
Combining well and [[seismic data]] is simple once the correlation between the two is established. [[Synthetic seismogram]]s establish these correlations. By combining lithofacies with seismic facies, stronger interpretations of the sedimentary section can be made away from well control. Seismic fades allow accurate correlation of lithofacies between wells. Lithofacies allow more detailed interpretation of seismic parameters, such as reflection patterns.
==See also==
* [[Basin-fill and trap analysis]]
* [[Mapping paleogeography]]
* [[Mapping unconformities]]
* [[Analyzing depositional sequences for traps]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{search}}
* [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch21/ch21.htm Original content in Datapages]
* [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545 Find the book in the AAPG Store]
[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]]
[[Category:Exploring for stratigraphic traps]]