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Diagenesis: information from petrology (view source)
Revision as of 19:28, 22 January 2014
, 19:28, 22 January 2014Initial import
{{publication
| image = exploring-for-oil-and-gas-traps.png
| width = 120px
| series = Treatise in Petroleum Geology
| title = Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps
| part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps
| chapter = Exploring for stratigraphic traps
| frompg = 21-1
| topg = 21-68
| author = John C. Dolson, Mike S. Bahorich, Rick C. Tobin, Edward A. Beaumont, Louis J. Terlikoski, Michael L. Hendricks
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch21/ch21.htm
| pdf =
| store = http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545
| isbn = 0-89181-602-X
}}
Petrophysical, petrological, geochemical, production, pressure, and other subsurface data must be used to locate diagenetic traps. Petrological data, in conjunction with subsurface shows, can be a powerful tool in mapping and predicting traps.
==Using petrological information==
Petrographic data can provide information about migration timing, trap preservation, and facies vs. diagenetic controls on hydrocarbon distribution. The table below lists examples of applying petrological information.
{| class = "wikitable"
|-
! Petrological information
! Exploration significance
! Exploration application
|-
| Oil-filled fluid inclusions in reservoir or carrier beds
| Indicates migration pathways and absolute timing of migration
| Migration routes that existed during migration
|-
| Oil-filled fluid inclusions in seals
| Indicates leaky seals and timing of [[leakage]]
| Column height may be small and/or updip (spilled) accumulations may exist
|-
| Primary [[porosity]] preservation
| Indicates facies patterns may control hydrocarbon distribution
| Map depositional fades
|-
| Dissolution porosity present
| Diagenesis may be critical for trap location; mineralogy and/or facies may control location of dissolution porosity
| Use [[sequence stratigraphy]], hydrologic, or thermal maturity models (refer to <ref name=ch21r41>Tobin, R., C., 1991a, Diagenesis, [[thermal maturation]] and burial history of the Upper Cambrian Bonneterre Dolomite, southeastern Missouri: an interpretation of thermal history from petrographic and fluid inclusion evidence: Organic Geochemistry, vol. 17, no. 2, p 142–152.</ref> , <ref name=ch21r42>Tobin, R., C., 1991b, Pore system evolution vs. paleotemperature in carbonate rocks: a predictable relationship?: Organic Geochemistry, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 271., 10., 1016/0146-6380(91)90087-Z</ref> ; <ref name=ch21r38>Read, J., F., Kerans, C., Sarg, J., F., Wright, F., M., 1995, Milankovitch Sea-Level Changes, Cycles, and Reservoirs on Carbonate Platforms in Greenhouse and Ice-House Worlds: SEPM Short Course 35, 79 p.</ref> ; <ref name=ch21r52>Wilson, M., D., ed., 1994, [[Reservoir quality]] Assessment and Prediction in Clastic Rocks: SEPM (Society of Sedimentary Geology) Short Course 30, 432 p.</ref> )
|-
| Postmigration burial cements present
| Indicates potential cementation of water leg
| Map diagenetic fades
|}
==Example: using cementation timing==
In the example shown in the figure below, Cambrian sandstones in the Lublin basin (Poland) contain fluorescing oil inclusions trapped before the formation of quartz cements, which degraded the reservoir's quality. Oil traps could occur updip if seals were present during the migration event.
[[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-42.png|thumb|{{figure number|21-42}}From Rick Tobin, unpublished data.]]
==See also==
* [[Diagenetic modifications of stratigraphic traps]]
* [[Types of diagenetic traps]]
* [[Criteria for recognizing diagenetic traps]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{search}}
* [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch21/ch21.htm Original content in Datapages]
* [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545 Find the book in the AAPG Store]
[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]]
[[Category:Exploring for stratigraphic traps]]
| image = exploring-for-oil-and-gas-traps.png
| width = 120px
| series = Treatise in Petroleum Geology
| title = Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps
| part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps
| chapter = Exploring for stratigraphic traps
| frompg = 21-1
| topg = 21-68
| author = John C. Dolson, Mike S. Bahorich, Rick C. Tobin, Edward A. Beaumont, Louis J. Terlikoski, Michael L. Hendricks
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch21/ch21.htm
| pdf =
| store = http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545
| isbn = 0-89181-602-X
}}
Petrophysical, petrological, geochemical, production, pressure, and other subsurface data must be used to locate diagenetic traps. Petrological data, in conjunction with subsurface shows, can be a powerful tool in mapping and predicting traps.
==Using petrological information==
Petrographic data can provide information about migration timing, trap preservation, and facies vs. diagenetic controls on hydrocarbon distribution. The table below lists examples of applying petrological information.
{| class = "wikitable"
|-
! Petrological information
! Exploration significance
! Exploration application
|-
| Oil-filled fluid inclusions in reservoir or carrier beds
| Indicates migration pathways and absolute timing of migration
| Migration routes that existed during migration
|-
| Oil-filled fluid inclusions in seals
| Indicates leaky seals and timing of [[leakage]]
| Column height may be small and/or updip (spilled) accumulations may exist
|-
| Primary [[porosity]] preservation
| Indicates facies patterns may control hydrocarbon distribution
| Map depositional fades
|-
| Dissolution porosity present
| Diagenesis may be critical for trap location; mineralogy and/or facies may control location of dissolution porosity
| Use [[sequence stratigraphy]], hydrologic, or thermal maturity models (refer to <ref name=ch21r41>Tobin, R., C., 1991a, Diagenesis, [[thermal maturation]] and burial history of the Upper Cambrian Bonneterre Dolomite, southeastern Missouri: an interpretation of thermal history from petrographic and fluid inclusion evidence: Organic Geochemistry, vol. 17, no. 2, p 142–152.</ref> , <ref name=ch21r42>Tobin, R., C., 1991b, Pore system evolution vs. paleotemperature in carbonate rocks: a predictable relationship?: Organic Geochemistry, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 271., 10., 1016/0146-6380(91)90087-Z</ref> ; <ref name=ch21r38>Read, J., F., Kerans, C., Sarg, J., F., Wright, F., M., 1995, Milankovitch Sea-Level Changes, Cycles, and Reservoirs on Carbonate Platforms in Greenhouse and Ice-House Worlds: SEPM Short Course 35, 79 p.</ref> ; <ref name=ch21r52>Wilson, M., D., ed., 1994, [[Reservoir quality]] Assessment and Prediction in Clastic Rocks: SEPM (Society of Sedimentary Geology) Short Course 30, 432 p.</ref> )
|-
| Postmigration burial cements present
| Indicates potential cementation of water leg
| Map diagenetic fades
|}
==Example: using cementation timing==
In the example shown in the figure below, Cambrian sandstones in the Lublin basin (Poland) contain fluorescing oil inclusions trapped before the formation of quartz cements, which degraded the reservoir's quality. Oil traps could occur updip if seals were present during the migration event.
[[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-42.png|thumb|{{figure number|21-42}}From Rick Tobin, unpublished data.]]
==See also==
* [[Diagenetic modifications of stratigraphic traps]]
* [[Types of diagenetic traps]]
* [[Criteria for recognizing diagenetic traps]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{search}}
* [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch21/ch21.htm Original content in Datapages]
* [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545 Find the book in the AAPG Store]
[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]]
[[Category:Exploring for stratigraphic traps]]