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Crude oil is a complex mixture containing tens of thousands of compounds mixed together and the major part are hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons (HCs) are defined as compounds that only contain carbon and hydrogen without any functional groups.  This gives them stability and low reactivity. Under the right conditions, living organisms such as bacteria, algae or fungi are able to consume hydrocarbons as an energy source.  The process is called hydrocarbon biodegradation. Hydrocarbon biodegradation by living organisms is a well-known alteration process and the majority of crude oils in the world are biodegraded to different degrees<ref name="Roadifer">Roadifer, R. E., 1987, [https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/methodo2/data/a081/a081/0001/0000/0003.htm Size distributions of the world’s largest known oil and tar accumulations], ''in'' R. F. Meyer, ed., [https://archives.datapages.com/data/alt-browse/aapg-special-volumes/sg25.htm Exploration for heavy crude oil and natural bitumen]: AAPG Studies in Geology 25, p. 3-23.</ref>. The degree of hydrocarbon biodegradation is dependent on many factors including salinity, hydrocarbon composition, temperature, pH, pressure and moisture.   

Crude oil is a complex mixture containing tens of thousands of compounds mixed together and the major part are hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons (HCs) are defined as compounds that only contain carbon and hydrogen without any functional groups.  This gives them stability and low reactivity. Under the right conditions, living organisms such as bacteria, algae or fungi are able to consume hydrocarbons as an energy source.  The process is called hydrocarbon biodegradation. Hydrocarbon biodegradation by living organisms is a well-known alteration process and the majority of crude oils in the world are biodegraded to different degrees<ref name="Roadifer">Roadifer, R. E., 1987, [https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/methodo2/data/a081/a081/0001/0000/0003.htm Size distributions of the world’s largest known oil and tar accumulations], ''in'' R. F. Meyer, ed., [https://archives.datapages.com/data/alt-browse/aapg-special-volumes/sg25.htm Exploration for heavy crude oil and natural bitumen]: AAPG Studies in Geology 25, p. 3–23.</ref>. The degree of hydrocarbon biodegradation is dependent on many factors including salinity, hydrocarbon composition, temperature, pH, pressure and moisture.   

==Biodegradation of hydrocarbons definition==

==Biodegradation of hydrocarbons definition==

Biodegradation of hydrocarbons is an alteration process by living organisms either aerobically and anaerobically (i.e. with or without the presence of oxygen) affecting organic matter. This process can occur in petroleum reservoirs or during migration at shallow depths where water contact is possible and subsurface temperatures are below 80 oC because this temperature is considered as the cutoff temperature where micro-organisms are absent beyond it. [2]

Biodegradation of hydrocarbons is an alteration process by living organisms either aerobically and anaerobically (i.e. with or without the presence of oxygen) affecting organic matter. This process can occur in petroleum reservoirs or during migration at shallow depths where water contact is possible and subsurface temperatures are below 80 oC because this temperature is considered as the cutoff temperature where micro-organisms are absent beyond it.<ref name="Petersetal">Peters, K. E., D. J. Curry, and M. Kacewicz, 2012, [https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/hedberg4/INTRODUCTION/INTRODUCTION.HTM Introduction: An overview of basin and petroleum system modeling: Definitions and concepts], ''in'' K. E. Peters, D. J. Curry, and M. Kacewicz, eds., [https://archives.datapages.com/data/alt-browse/aapg-special-volumes/hed4.htm Basin modeling: New horizons in research and applications]: AAPG Hedberg Series 4, p. 1–16.</ref>

==Crude oil Composition==

==Crude oil Composition==

[2] Peters, K. E., D. J. Curry, and M. Kacewicz, 2012, An overview of basin and petroleum system modeling: Definitions and concepts, in K. E. Peters, D. J. Curry, and M. Kacewicz, eds., Basin Modeling: New Horizons in Research and Applications: AAPG Hedberg Series, no. 4, p. 1–16.

[2]  

[3] https://www.e-education.psu.edu/fsc432/content/paraffins

[3] https://www.e-education.psu.edu/fsc432/content/paraffins