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| * Floatstone: a matrix-supported rock with > 10% of grains >2mm and original components are not organically bounded together during deposition (Figure 19). | | * Floatstone: a matrix-supported rock with > 10% of grains >2mm and original components are not organically bounded together during deposition (Figure 19). |
| * Rudstone: a grain-supported rock with > 10% of grains >2mm and original components are not organically bounded together during deposition (Figure 20). | | * Rudstone: a grain-supported rock with > 10% of grains >2mm and original components are not organically bounded together during deposition (Figure 20). |
| + | <gallery mode=packed heights=250px widths=250px> |
| + | File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Abdulwahab-Figure19.png|{{figure number|19}}Floatstone |
| + | File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Abdulwahab-Figure20.png|{{figure number|20}}Rudstone |
| + | </gallery> |
| + | |
| ====Organically-Bound Rocks Subdivision==== | | ====Organically-Bound Rocks Subdivision==== |
| * Bafflestone: in situ organically-bound rock in which organisms act as baffles (Figure 21). | | * Bafflestone: in situ organically-bound rock in which organisms act as baffles (Figure 21). |
| * Bindstone: in situ organically-bound rock in which organisms encrust and bind (Figure 22). | | * Bindstone: in situ organically-bound rock in which organisms encrust and bind (Figure 22). |
| * Framestone: in situ organically-bound rock in which organisms build a rigid framework (Figure 23).[k] | | * Framestone: in situ organically-bound rock in which organisms build a rigid framework (Figure 23).[k] |
| + | <gallery mode=packed heights=250px widths=250px> |
| + | File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Abdulwahab-Figure21.png|{{figure number|21}}Bafflestone |
| + | File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Abdulwahab-Figure22.png|{{figure number|22}}Bindstone |
| + | File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Abdulwahab-Figure23.png|{{figure number|23}}Framestone |
| + | </gallery> |
| | | |
| ===Depositional Energy Setting and Reservoir Quality Indications=== | | ===Depositional Energy Setting and Reservoir Quality Indications=== |
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| Rudstones and framestones are usually formed in high-energy settings (above wave base). | | Rudstones and framestones are usually formed in high-energy settings (above wave base). |
| Organically-bound rocks show good reservoir quality if the skeletal growth is interconnected. | | Organically-bound rocks show good reservoir quality if the skeletal growth is interconnected. |
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− | ==Gallery==
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− | [[File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Abdulwahab-Figure19.png|thumbnail|Fig. 19 Floatstone [19]]]
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− | [[File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Abdulwahab-Figure20.png|thumbnail|Fig. 20 Rudstone [20]]]
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− | [[File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Abdulwahab-Figure21.png|thumbnail|Fig. 21 Bafflestone [21]]]
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− | [[File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Abdulwahab-Figure22.png|thumbnail|Fig. 22 Bindstone [22]]]
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− | [[File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Abdulwahab-Figure23.png|thumbnail|Fig. 23 Framestone [23]]]
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| ==Notes== | | ==Notes== |
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| ==Other Sources== | | ==Other Sources== |
| * Gregg, Jay. (December 18). Limestone Petrology. Missouri S&T. https://web.mst.edu/~greggjay/carbonate_page/lsgallery/pages/c-ACS190_10.htm | | * Gregg, Jay. (December 18). Limestone Petrology. Missouri S&T. https://web.mst.edu/~greggjay/carbonate_page/lsgallery/pages/c-ACS190_10.htm |
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| * Sahraeyan, Mohammad. (2013, June). Sedimentary Basin Analysis of Sachun Formation in Southwestern Iran: Implication for Sedimentary Environments and Tectonic Setting. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Photomicrographs-showing-micrite-and-pelmicrite-in-the-argillaceous-limestone-facies-of_fig8_262337097 | | * Sahraeyan, Mohammad. (2013, June). Sedimentary Basin Analysis of Sachun Formation in Southwestern Iran: Implication for Sedimentary Environments and Tectonic Setting. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Photomicrographs-showing-micrite-and-pelmicrite-in-the-argillaceous-limestone-facies-of_fig8_262337097 |
| * K. Bjørlykke (ed). Petroleum Geoscience: From Sedimentary Environments to Rock Physics, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-34132-8_5, Ⓒ Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015. | | * K. Bjørlykke (ed). Petroleum Geoscience: From Sedimentary Environments to Rock Physics, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-34132-8_5, Ⓒ Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015. |
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| * Ardakani, Omid H. (2013, June). Diagenetic evolution and associated mineralization of Middle Devonian carbonates, southwestern Ontario, Canada. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Thin-section-photomicrographs-of-Middle-Devonian-rocks-A-Syntaxial-and-equant-calcite_fig3_235413575 | | * Ardakani, Omid H. (2013, June). Diagenetic evolution and associated mineralization of Middle Devonian carbonates, southwestern Ontario, Canada. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Thin-section-photomicrographs-of-Middle-Devonian-rocks-A-Syntaxial-and-equant-calcite_fig3_235413575 |
| * Al-Awwad, Saad F. & pomar, Luis. (2015, May 21). Origin of the rudstone–floatstone beds in the Upper Jurassic Arab-D reservoir, Khurais Complex, Saudi Arabia. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817215001634 | | * Al-Awwad, Saad F. & pomar, Luis. (2015, May 21). Origin of the rudstone–floatstone beds in the Upper Jurassic Arab-D reservoir, Khurais Complex, Saudi Arabia. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817215001634 |
− | * Khanaqa, Polla. (2018, December). Stratigraphy and Facies Analysis of the Govanda Formation from Western Zagros, Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/a-Photo-of-the-Coral- | + | * Khanaqa, Polla. (2018, December). Stratigraphy and Facies Analysis of the Govanda Formation from Western Zagros, Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/a-Photo-of-the-Coral-Bafflestone-of-Barda-Balaka-Outcrop-Between-the-stems-Fine_fig12_330094098 |
− | Bafflestone-of-Barda-Balaka-Outcrop-Between-the-stems-Fine_fig12_330094098 | |
| * Bindstone. Bureau of Economic Geology. https://www.beg.utexas.edu/lmod/_IOL-CM02/st21-ancbindstone.htm | | * Bindstone. Bureau of Economic Geology. https://www.beg.utexas.edu/lmod/_IOL-CM02/st21-ancbindstone.htm |
| * Camuera, Jon. (2014, July). Origin and palaeo-environmental significance of the Berrazales carbonate spring deposit, North of Gran Canaria Island, Spain. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-Framestone-facies-composed-of-parallel-plant-moulds-coated-with-calcite-B-Plant_fig4_283498781 | | * Camuera, Jon. (2014, July). Origin and palaeo-environmental significance of the Berrazales carbonate spring deposit, North of Gran Canaria Island, Spain. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-Framestone-facies-composed-of-parallel-plant-moulds-coated-with-calcite-B-Plant_fig4_283498781 |
| * Lokier, Stephen W.; Al Junaibi, Mariam (2016). "The petrographic description of carbonate facies: are we all speaking the same language?". Sedimentology. 63 (7): 1843–1885. doi:10.1111/sed.12293 | | * Lokier, Stephen W.; Al Junaibi, Mariam (2016). "The petrographic description of carbonate facies: are we all speaking the same language?". Sedimentology. 63 (7): 1843–1885. doi:10.1111/sed.12293 |