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East Breaks trap formation (view source)
Revision as of 20:01, 30 January 2014
, 20:01, 30 January 2014Initial import
{{publication
| image = exploring-for-oil-and-gas-traps.png
| width = 120px
| series = Treatise in Petroleum Geology
| title = Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps
| part = Critical elements of the petroleum system
| chapter = Sedimentary basin analysis
| frompg = 4-1
| topg = 4-123
| author = John M. Armentrout
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch04/ch04.htm
| pdf =
| store = http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545
| isbn = 0-89181-602-X
}}
==Minibasin structural-stratigraphic development==
The structural/stratigraphic configuration of the East Breaks 160-161 minibasin formed well after ''Glob alt'' time. As discussed earlier, the High Island–East Breaks basin was a late Pliocene/early Pleistocene slope basin through which gravity flow sands flowed southward. Progradation overloaded the underlying salt and minibasins formed as a succession of southward-stepping growth-fault/salt-withdrawal sediment thicks (Figure 4-44).
==Structural traps==
Within these minibasins, structural traps of gravity-flow sandstones formed
* as fault-dependent closure at growth faults,
* as anticlinal closure formed by rollover into growth faults, or
* by postdepositional tilting of sandstones that shale-out upstructure due to syndepositional pinching-out against sea-floor valley margins.<ref name=ch04r22>Bouma, A., H., 1982, Intraslope basins in northwest Gulf of Mexico: a key to ancient submarine canyons and fans: AAPG Memoir 34, p. 567–581.</ref><ref name=ch04r53>Kneller, B., 1995, Beyond the turbidite paradign: physical models for deposition of turbidites and their implications for reservoir prediction, in Hartley, A., J., Prosser, D., J., eds., Characterization of Deep Marine Clastic Systems: Geological Society, London, Special Publication 94, p. 31–49.</ref>
==[[Stratigraphic trap]]s==
Pure [[stratigraphic trap]]s occur where basinal sandstones completely bypassed updip areas subsequently filled by mud, providing both top seal and updip lateral seal.<ref name=ch04r22 /><ref name=ch04r36>Galloway, W., E., McGilvery, T., A., 1995, Facies of a submarine canyon fill reservoir complex, lower Wilcox Group (Paleocene), central Texas coastal plain, in Winn, R., D., Jr., Armentrout, J., M., eds., Turbidites and Associated Deep-Water Facies: WEPM Core Workshop 20, p. 1–23.</ref>
==Timing of fault movement==
Fault movement timing is critical for trap formation timing. Growth-fault rollover anti-clines develop by updip expansion and sediment entrapment on the downthrown side of the fault and consequent downdip sediment starvation and continued subsidence within the intraslope basin (see Figure 4-43 for geometries above the ''Trim A'' interval along fault A′). Thus, the updip trap for gravity-flow sandstone is the rollover into the fault, formed during the dynamic phase of fault movement.
==Fault A′==
In the East Breaks 160-161 minibasin, the fault splay fault A′ forms the northern boundary to the field (Figures 4-42 and 4-43). The dynamic phase of this fault is recorded by the wedge-shaped sediment thickening into the fault, deposited between pre-''Hyal B'' (ca. 1.00 Ma) time and late ''Trim A'' (ca. 0.56 Ma) time (Figure 4-31). Its growth phase began about 1.20 Ma.<ref name=ch04r10>Armentrout, J., M., Clement, J., F., 1990, Biostratigraphic calibration of depositional cycles: a case study in High Island–Galveston–East Breaks areas, offshore Texas: Proceedings, Gulf Coast Section SEPM 11th Annual Research Conference, p. 21–51.</ref><ref name=ch04r7>Armentrout, J., M., 1991, Paleontological constraints on depositional [[modeling]]: examples of integration of biostratigraphy and seismic stratigraphy, Pliocene–Pleistocene, Gulf of Mexico, in Weimer, P., Link, M., H., eds., Seismic Facies and Sedimentary Processes of Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems: New York, Springer-Verlag, p. 137–170.</ref> Sea-floor expression of this fault clearly indicates offset of Holocene sediments, showing that the fault is currently active (Figure 4-43).
==See also==
* [[East breaks petroleum system processes]]
* [[Geochemistry of two oils from east breaks]]
* [[Hydrocarbon generation model]]
* [[Hydrocarbon migration model]]
* [[Hydrocarbon accumulation model]]
* [[Critical moment (or Interval)]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{search}}
* [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch04/ch04.htm Original content in Datapages]
* [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545 Find the book in the AAPG Store]
[[Category:Critical elements of the petroleum system]]
[[Category:Sedimentary basin analysis]]
| image = exploring-for-oil-and-gas-traps.png
| width = 120px
| series = Treatise in Petroleum Geology
| title = Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps
| part = Critical elements of the petroleum system
| chapter = Sedimentary basin analysis
| frompg = 4-1
| topg = 4-123
| author = John M. Armentrout
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch04/ch04.htm
| pdf =
| store = http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545
| isbn = 0-89181-602-X
}}
==Minibasin structural-stratigraphic development==
The structural/stratigraphic configuration of the East Breaks 160-161 minibasin formed well after ''Glob alt'' time. As discussed earlier, the High Island–East Breaks basin was a late Pliocene/early Pleistocene slope basin through which gravity flow sands flowed southward. Progradation overloaded the underlying salt and minibasins formed as a succession of southward-stepping growth-fault/salt-withdrawal sediment thicks (Figure 4-44).
==Structural traps==
Within these minibasins, structural traps of gravity-flow sandstones formed
* as fault-dependent closure at growth faults,
* as anticlinal closure formed by rollover into growth faults, or
* by postdepositional tilting of sandstones that shale-out upstructure due to syndepositional pinching-out against sea-floor valley margins.<ref name=ch04r22>Bouma, A., H., 1982, Intraslope basins in northwest Gulf of Mexico: a key to ancient submarine canyons and fans: AAPG Memoir 34, p. 567–581.</ref><ref name=ch04r53>Kneller, B., 1995, Beyond the turbidite paradign: physical models for deposition of turbidites and their implications for reservoir prediction, in Hartley, A., J., Prosser, D., J., eds., Characterization of Deep Marine Clastic Systems: Geological Society, London, Special Publication 94, p. 31–49.</ref>
==[[Stratigraphic trap]]s==
Pure [[stratigraphic trap]]s occur where basinal sandstones completely bypassed updip areas subsequently filled by mud, providing both top seal and updip lateral seal.<ref name=ch04r22 /><ref name=ch04r36>Galloway, W., E., McGilvery, T., A., 1995, Facies of a submarine canyon fill reservoir complex, lower Wilcox Group (Paleocene), central Texas coastal plain, in Winn, R., D., Jr., Armentrout, J., M., eds., Turbidites and Associated Deep-Water Facies: WEPM Core Workshop 20, p. 1–23.</ref>
==Timing of fault movement==
Fault movement timing is critical for trap formation timing. Growth-fault rollover anti-clines develop by updip expansion and sediment entrapment on the downthrown side of the fault and consequent downdip sediment starvation and continued subsidence within the intraslope basin (see Figure 4-43 for geometries above the ''Trim A'' interval along fault A′). Thus, the updip trap for gravity-flow sandstone is the rollover into the fault, formed during the dynamic phase of fault movement.
==Fault A′==
In the East Breaks 160-161 minibasin, the fault splay fault A′ forms the northern boundary to the field (Figures 4-42 and 4-43). The dynamic phase of this fault is recorded by the wedge-shaped sediment thickening into the fault, deposited between pre-''Hyal B'' (ca. 1.00 Ma) time and late ''Trim A'' (ca. 0.56 Ma) time (Figure 4-31). Its growth phase began about 1.20 Ma.<ref name=ch04r10>Armentrout, J., M., Clement, J., F., 1990, Biostratigraphic calibration of depositional cycles: a case study in High Island–Galveston–East Breaks areas, offshore Texas: Proceedings, Gulf Coast Section SEPM 11th Annual Research Conference, p. 21–51.</ref><ref name=ch04r7>Armentrout, J., M., 1991, Paleontological constraints on depositional [[modeling]]: examples of integration of biostratigraphy and seismic stratigraphy, Pliocene–Pleistocene, Gulf of Mexico, in Weimer, P., Link, M., H., eds., Seismic Facies and Sedimentary Processes of Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems: New York, Springer-Verlag, p. 137–170.</ref> Sea-floor expression of this fault clearly indicates offset of Holocene sediments, showing that the fault is currently active (Figure 4-43).
==See also==
* [[East breaks petroleum system processes]]
* [[Geochemistry of two oils from east breaks]]
* [[Hydrocarbon generation model]]
* [[Hydrocarbon migration model]]
* [[Hydrocarbon accumulation model]]
* [[Critical moment (or Interval)]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{search}}
* [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch04/ch04.htm Original content in Datapages]
* [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545 Find the book in the AAPG Store]
[[Category:Critical elements of the petroleum system]]
[[Category:Sedimentary basin analysis]]