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Hydrodynamic flow and pressure transients (view source)
Revision as of 15:42, 31 January 2014
, 15:42, 31 January 2014Initial import
{{publication
| image = exploring-for-oil-and-gas-traps.png
| width = 120px
| series = Treatise in Petroleum Geology
| title = Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps
| part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps
| chapter = Evaluating top and fault seal
| frompg = 10-1
| topg = 10-94
| author = Grant M. Skerlec
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch10/ch10.htm
| pdf =
| store = http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545
| isbn = 0-89181-602-X
}}
Pressure gradients and the resulting buoyant pressures are not always static. Both hydrodynamic flow and pressure transients change seal capacity.
==Hydrodynamic flow==
A hydrodynamic gradient will either increase or decrease the height of a trapped hydro-carbon column..<ref name=ch10r67>Schowalter, T., T., 1979, Mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon [[migration]] and entrapment: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 63, no. 5, p. 723–760.</ref><ref name=ch10r16>Dahlberg, E., C., 1982, Applied [[Hydrodynamics]] in Petroleum Exploration: New York, Springer-Verlag, 161 p.</ref><ref name=ch10r50>Lerche, I., Thomsen, R., O., 1994, [[Hydrodynamics]] of Oil and Gas: New York, Plenum Press, 308 p.</ref> Flow in the direction of the buoyant vector decreases the seal capacity. Flow opposite the direction of the buoyant vector increases the seal capacity.
The hydrodynamic effect has been demonstrated to be important in trapping hydrocarbons in the western Canada basin<ref name=ch10r16 /><ref name=ch10r50 />
==Pressure transients==
Fluid pressure gradients may fluctuate dramatically during faulting and basin evolution.<ref name=ch10r69>Sibson, R., H., Moore, J., Rankin, A., H., 1975, Seismic pumping—a hydrothermal fluid transport mechanism: Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol. 131, p. 653–659., 10., 1144/gsjgs., 131., 6., 0653</ref> Estimates of trapping capacity based upon the capillary model assume a static pressure gradient or a uniform regional hydrodynamic gradient.
Measurements of fluid inclusions, however, suggest pressure transients along faults of as much as 126 MPa [[pressure::(1,825 psi]]).<ref name=ch10r61>Parry, W., T., Bruhn, R., L., 1990, Fluid pressure transients on seismogenic normal faults: Tectonophysics, vol. 179, no. 3–4, p. 335–344., 10., 1016/0040-1951(90)90299-N</ref> Similar episodic fluid flow events are inferred from sandstone cements in the North Sea.<ref name=ch10r64>Robinson, A., Gluyas, J., 1992, Duration of quartz cementation in sandstones, North Sea and Haltenbanken basins: Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 324–327., 10., 1016/0264-8172(92)90081-O</ref>
Leakage through seals and seal capacity may be as episodic as hydrocarbon generation, migration, and pressure transients.
==See also==
* [[Pitfalls and limitations of estimating seal capacity]]
* [[Difficulty of characterizing Pd of a seal]]
* [[Does the theory predict reality?]]
* [[Saturations required for hydrocarbon flow]]
* [[Seal capacity of breached and hydrocarbon-wet seals]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{search}}
* [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch10/ch10.htm Original content in Datapages]
* [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545 Find the book in the AAPG Store]
[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]]
[[Category:Evaluating top and fault seal]]
| image = exploring-for-oil-and-gas-traps.png
| width = 120px
| series = Treatise in Petroleum Geology
| title = Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps
| part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps
| chapter = Evaluating top and fault seal
| frompg = 10-1
| topg = 10-94
| author = Grant M. Skerlec
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch10/ch10.htm
| pdf =
| store = http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545
| isbn = 0-89181-602-X
}}
Pressure gradients and the resulting buoyant pressures are not always static. Both hydrodynamic flow and pressure transients change seal capacity.
==Hydrodynamic flow==
A hydrodynamic gradient will either increase or decrease the height of a trapped hydro-carbon column..<ref name=ch10r67>Schowalter, T., T., 1979, Mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon [[migration]] and entrapment: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 63, no. 5, p. 723–760.</ref><ref name=ch10r16>Dahlberg, E., C., 1982, Applied [[Hydrodynamics]] in Petroleum Exploration: New York, Springer-Verlag, 161 p.</ref><ref name=ch10r50>Lerche, I., Thomsen, R., O., 1994, [[Hydrodynamics]] of Oil and Gas: New York, Plenum Press, 308 p.</ref> Flow in the direction of the buoyant vector decreases the seal capacity. Flow opposite the direction of the buoyant vector increases the seal capacity.
The hydrodynamic effect has been demonstrated to be important in trapping hydrocarbons in the western Canada basin<ref name=ch10r16 /><ref name=ch10r50 />
==Pressure transients==
Fluid pressure gradients may fluctuate dramatically during faulting and basin evolution.<ref name=ch10r69>Sibson, R., H., Moore, J., Rankin, A., H., 1975, Seismic pumping—a hydrothermal fluid transport mechanism: Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol. 131, p. 653–659., 10., 1144/gsjgs., 131., 6., 0653</ref> Estimates of trapping capacity based upon the capillary model assume a static pressure gradient or a uniform regional hydrodynamic gradient.
Measurements of fluid inclusions, however, suggest pressure transients along faults of as much as 126 MPa [[pressure::(1,825 psi]]).<ref name=ch10r61>Parry, W., T., Bruhn, R., L., 1990, Fluid pressure transients on seismogenic normal faults: Tectonophysics, vol. 179, no. 3–4, p. 335–344., 10., 1016/0040-1951(90)90299-N</ref> Similar episodic fluid flow events are inferred from sandstone cements in the North Sea.<ref name=ch10r64>Robinson, A., Gluyas, J., 1992, Duration of quartz cementation in sandstones, North Sea and Haltenbanken basins: Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 324–327., 10., 1016/0264-8172(92)90081-O</ref>
Leakage through seals and seal capacity may be as episodic as hydrocarbon generation, migration, and pressure transients.
==See also==
* [[Pitfalls and limitations of estimating seal capacity]]
* [[Difficulty of characterizing Pd of a seal]]
* [[Does the theory predict reality?]]
* [[Saturations required for hydrocarbon flow]]
* [[Seal capacity of breached and hydrocarbon-wet seals]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{search}}
* [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch10/ch10.htm Original content in Datapages]
* [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=545 Find the book in the AAPG Store]
[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]]
[[Category:Evaluating top and fault seal]]