Changes

==Factors influencing rock-water reactions==

==Factors influencing rock-water reactions==

Mineral fines that contribute to [[permeability]] reduction can be composed of clay, quartz, feldspar, or carbonate. Nonclay fines have no significant surface charge, and commercial clay stabilizers will not prevent their migration. Detrital clays forming the rock framework normally have little impact on rock-fluid reactions. Authigenic clays, however, line, fill, or bridge pores. They are exposed to extraneous pore fluids with which they may react (Eslinger and<ref name=Eslinger_etal_1988>Eslinger, E., and D. Pevear, 1988, Clay minerals for petroleum geologists and engineers: Society fo Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Short Course Notes No. 22.</ref>. Expanding clays (smectites and mixed layer clays containing smectites) can reduce cross-sectional areas of pore throats and thus [[permeability]]. More important, as they expand, they often contribute mobile fines. These fines along with illite and kaolinite (which have lesser to no swelling tendency) are the primary maerials that disperse, migrate, bridge, and impair [[permeability]].

Mineral fines that contribute to permeability reduction can be composed of clay, quartz, feldspar, or carbonate. Nonclay fines have no significant surface charge, and commercial clay stabilizers will not prevent their migration. Detrital clays forming the rock framework normally have little impact on rock-fluid reactions. Authigenic clays, however, line, fill, or bridge pores. They are exposed to extraneous pore fluids with which they may react.<ref name=Eslinger_etal_1988>Eslinger, E., and D. Pevear, 1988, Clay minerals for petroleum geologists and engineers: Society fo Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Short Course Notes No. 22.</ref> Expanding clays (smectites and mixed layer clays containing smectites) can reduce cross-sectional areas of pore throats and thus permeability. More important, as they expand, they often contribute mobile fines. These fines along with illite and kaolinite (which have lesser to no swelling tendency) are the primary maerials that disperse, migrate, bridge, and impair permeability.

==Problem prevention and correction==

==Problem prevention and correction==